spontaneous abortion
risk factors
difinition
is an involuntary termination of pregnancy with no apparent reasons or warning
types
threatened abortion
inevitable abortion
missed abortion
habitual abortion
age
uterine trauma
congenital abnormalities
uterine fibrouds
incompetant cervix
causes
multiple pregnancies
uterine structural abnormalities
acute maternal infection
maternal chronic illness,such as diabetes mellitus
uterine tumours
hormonal imbalances
pathophysiology
for an abortion to occur,the uterus must contract.The contractions may follow a stimulus, for example, a blow to the abdomen, or the contractions may start on their own as it happens with spontaneous abortion.The patient may describe these as menstrual cramps.Blood may gush or ooze depending on the stage of the condition.
assessment findings
on palpation ,the height of the fundus may be the symphysis pubis,depending on the gestation period
The pregnancy test may be positive
if termination is inevitable,internal vaginal examination may reveal frank vaginal bleeding and a soft,open cervix
management
monitor vital signs and record and report untoward signs early for early treatment
check the pad every 15 minutes
provide emotional support
provide privacy
maintain intravenous therapy