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Meningitis - is an infection of the meninges, which includes arachnoid…
Meningitis - is an infection of the meninges, which includes arachnoid and pia mater, ventricular system, CSF and the subarachnoid space
Caused by different microorganisms - a systemic or blood stream infection or extension from an infected area, then the access route to the subarachnoid space.
Viral
Causes include herpes simplex virus type two, varicella zoster virus. Also the viruses that cause measles and mumps.
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Pathophsiology
The most common bacteria that causes meningitis live in the nasopharynx but a prior upper respiratory infection will be present before becomes blood-borne. The blood cells (neutrophils will then migrate into the subarachnoid space, producing an exudate which thickens the CSF and interferes with teh normal cerebral spinal fluid flow around the brain and the spinal cord.
Diagnosis
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Cerebral spinal fluid culture s to confirm the cause - This is a distinguishing feature between viral and bacterial causes by doing a laboratory analysis of the leucocytes (white blood cells in teh CSF. In bacterial neutrophils will be more promidante where as lymphocytes are more prominate in the viral mengitis.
Clinical manifestations
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Bacterial meningitis
Meningeal signs, infectious signs and neurological signs
Fever, tachycardia, chills and petechial rash,
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Throbbing headache, becoming severe
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Encephalitis
Is an acute febrile illness,
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