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Basal cell carcinoma, also known as basal-cell cancer, is the most common…
Basal cell carcinoma, also known as basal-cell cancer, is the most common type of skin cancer. It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, which may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it; or it may present as a raised area with ulceration.Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or to result in death.
Causes
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complications of burns, scars, infections, vaccinations
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Pathophysiology
Basal cell carcinoma occurs when one of the skin's basal cells developes a mutation in it's DNA. Basal cells are found at the bottom of the epidermis which is the outermost layer of the skin. Basal cells produce new skin cells, as new skin cells are produced, they push older skin cells towards the skin's surface where the old cells die and they are sloughed off. The process of producing new skin cells is controlled by basal cells DNA. A mutation causes skin cells to multiply rapidly and continue growing when it would normally die. Eventually the abnormal accumulating cells may form a canerous tumour which is the lesion that appears on the skin.
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Management
Microscopic Surgery
The doctor removes the cancer from the skin in thin layers and each layer is analyzed for cancer cells under a microscope during surgery. The doctor continues to remove one layer at a time until removing a layer with no evidence of cancer cells.
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Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses X-rays or other types of radiation to destroy cancer cells. Most radiation is delivered from a machine outside your body that is targeted directly at the cancer cells
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by destroying the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. Chemotherapy for basal cell carcinoma usually is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion, which is called topical chemotherapy.