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Brain trauma: traumatic brain injury from a blow to the head…
Brain trauma: traumatic brain injury from a blow to the head
Non Traumatic
Alcohol consumption, stroke
Traumatic
Blow to the head, motor vehicle accident
Blunt (closed ) trauma - dura mater remains intact
Haematomas - bleed that are contained within the skull
diffuse brain injuries - widespread axonal damage - concussion
Focal brain injuries - localised neuronal damages, haematomas
Penetrating (open) trauma - dura mater is broken
Diffuse axonal injuries - wide spread
Focal brain injuries - localised
superficial, involving just the cerebral cortex
Complications
Haematoma- clotted mass of blood that is contained within tissues
The accumulation of blood can increase the intracranial pressure and compress the brain,
Leading to severe consequences such as brain herniation. Where the brain is forced downwards towards the spinal cord, which is fatal.
Subdural haematomas
Usually at the top of the skull, develop over two weeks, common in the elderly and those who abuse alcohol and have brain atrophy.
Intracrebral haematomas
Common in the frontal and temporal lobes and the cerebral hemisphere deep white matter, traumatise small blood vessels. It increases intracranial pressure causing edema