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Growth of Bones (Ossification (Types (Endochondral (Steps (3. (Blood…
Growth of Bones
Ossification
Definition
Replacing other tissue with bone (e.g. Cartilage)
Types
Endochondral
Bone replaces existing cartilage
Most bones begin as hyaline cartilage templates which are then ossified
Steps
1
Chondrocytes increase in size
Matrix is reduced and calcified
Chondrocytes die
2.
Blood vessels grow into perichondrium
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Layer of bone surrounds shaft
3.
Blood supply to centre
Fibrobalsts differentiate into osteoblasts and spongy bone
Primary ossification centre
Bone spreads to ends
4.
Osteoclasts create medullary cavity
Increase in length and diameter
5.
Blood supply to epiphyses
Secondary ossification centres
6.
Epiphysis becomes filled with spongy bone
Some cartilage remains (Articular cartilage)
Epiphyseal plate forms
Intramembranos
Bone develops from mesenchymal cells (stem cells)
Increase in length
Bone grows so long as epiphyseal cartilage grows
Location
Shaft side
Osteoblasts invade cartilage and ossify it
Epiphyseal side
new cartilage continuously
Increase in diametre (Appositional growth)
Step 1
Osteoblasts
Location
Inner layer of periosteum
Function
Osteoblasts become surrounded in matrix
Deposit bone matrix
differentiate into osteocytes
Step 2
Location
Layers of circumferential lamellae
Happens
Deepest layers become replaced with osteons
Osteoclasts
remove matrix and inner surface
Medullary cavity
enlarges with increased diametre
Osteogenesis
Definition
Process of bone formation
Calcification
Definition
Deposition of calcium salts