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Ch 7: Popular Resistance to the British Rule (7.3: 1857 Uprising (7.3.1:…
Ch 7: Popular Resistance to the British Rule
7.1: Early Popular Resistances (1750-1857 CE)
7.1.1: Causes
Exploitation
Poverty
Religious Interference
Removal of basic rights
7.2: Major Rebellions during the British Period
7.2.1: Peasant Revolt
The Fakir and the Sanyasi Rebellion (1770-1820s); Peasant Revolt; Led by Sanyasis and Fakirs.
Bhawani Pathak and Devi Choudhurani & Maznoom Shah
Indigo Rebellion (1859-62 CE)
Farazi Movement (1838-48 CE) (Against Taxation of Agriculture); Shariatullah Khan and Dadu Mian
Wahabi Movement (1830-60s CE) - Class Struggle, initially religious freedom;
Centered on Rae Bareily; Leader - Syed Berelvi
7.2.2: Significance of Peasant Uprising
7.2.3: Tribal Revolts
1) Santhal Revolt (1855-57 CE)
Bihar, Orissa, and Bengal
Led by Sidhu and Kanu
2) Munda Rebellion (1899-00 CE);
Led by Birsa Munda
Against Bonded Labor
Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (1908)
Educated by missionaries
3) Jaintia and Garo Uprising (1860-70s)
In North East (Assam)
Against the introduction of Railways (occupation of their land), Taxation and exploitation
Leaders: U Kiang Nongbah & Pa Togan Sangma
4) Bhil Uprising (1813-1831 CE)
Gujarat and Maharashtra
Leader: Triumbakji-> Ex Leader of Nana Saheb's Tribal Minister
5) Kol Uprising (1831-32 CE)
Chotanagpur region (Jharkand, Orissa, Chattisgarh regions)
6) Mapilla Uprising (1836-54 CE)
Kerala
7.3: 1857 Uprising
7.3.1: Cause of the Revolt
Economic Cause
Religious Cause
Collusion with the missionaries
Tampering with religious marks, beards etc
Act XXI of 1850 aiding in conversion etc
Immediate Cause (Enfield Rifle)
Discontentment in the Army
Wage disparity, position disparity, Overseas deputation
Political Cause
7.3.2: Course of the Revolt
Mangal Pandey (Barrackpore)
Nana Saheb (Kanpur) Tantya Tope and Azimullah
Rani Lakshmibhai (Jhansi)
Begum Hazrat Mahal (Lucknow)
Kanwar Singh (Arrah)
Khan Bahadur Khan (Bareilley)
Soldiers (Meerut)
7.3.3: Nature of the Revolt
Not a class struggle (nor)
a Mutiny (but)
widespread support in northern India
7.4: Failure of the Revolt
No common cause or leadership
Peshwa vs. Mughal affiliations
Lack of strategy and statesmanship
Lack of co-ordination among revolters
Lack of support from pan-India
Lack of military equipment and financing
7.6: Significance of the Revolt
7.7: The Legacy of the Revolt