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Speech Processes (Phonation (Abducted: Vocal folds are apart, Adducted:…
Speech Processes
Phonation
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Phonation occurs when the motion of the glottis opening and closing is interrupted by the air being released.
Fundamental Frequency: This can be measured by the rate in which we release air. The factors that have the greatest influence over the results are age, sex, and voluntary control.
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The Phonation Cycle begins as the glottis closes, which means the vocal folds are adducted. After that, the pressure beneath the glottis increases. Then, the release of a compressed breath occurs. The folds close up again because of tension., the subglottal air pressure decreases, and sucking brings it back together again.
Greater Loudness results from increased subglottal pressure, vocal fold control, and expansion of vocal tract to reduce supraglottal pressure.
Respiration
Air source for communication amongst humans
Structures Involved: lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, trachea
Muscles Involved: diaphragm and external/internal intercostals
Exhalation: Releasing air from lungs. Assists in airflow while speaking. Gravity, elastic cartilage/tissue, and relaxing muscles of inhalation are requirements.
Inhalation: Taking in air to the lungs. As the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity expands to allow ample room.
Vegetative Breathing: When the amounts of air exchanged during respiration are constant. This is usually referring to life support.
Speech Breathing: When exhalation is about ten times longer in a single respiratory cycle than inhalation
Extended Exhalation: Perfect breathing control that is difficult to attain. The respiratory muscles, larynx, and articulatory muscles work together smoothly (synergistic functioning).
Resonation
This happens when air passes through the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal cavities. A vibrating source and air space are vital.
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Quality of voice is determined by their fundamental frequency range with the overtones amplified by resonation.
Resonation is affected by the nature of respiration, phonation, and articulation processes.
Articulation
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The velopharyngeal port is closed for articulation of consonants that use the jaw, tongue, and lips.