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Risk taking themes from the literature based on Davies 1999 (Academic…
Risk taking themes from the literature based on Davies 1999
What kind of :red_flag:student
Not afraid of failure, getting bad marks, making mistakes - sees failure as learning opportunity
How will failure be percieved?
By self
By peers
By lecturer/s
By parent
Confident/Courageous (Demriken)
Influenced by previous experience where risk taking
was or was not rewarded
was or was not succesful
PB: Brief more difficult than previous years
Confidence
G: Some lacks confidence to give input (-)
I Outcome: Confidence to take more risks in new PB
G: Confidence = speed
G: 1st years lack confidence
I Risk: Confidence to sell concept
I Outcome: Go big or go home/Extreme
I Outcome: You did it yourself (+)
I Risk: Want to do the extra-effort
I Process: Judgement of capabilities
I Outcome: The sky is the limit
I: Confidence to take on the PB
Determination (NEW)
I Risk: Determination to do the concept
I Process: Determination to complete project
Prepared to ignore lecturers input or argue case
I Risk: Ignoring lecturer guidance (-)
PB: Ethical values (-)
I Risk: Trust anyone (-)
Takes responsibility
Takes ownership
I Outcome: Accountability
G: Lazy at start (-)
G: No interest in PB (-)
G: Participation challenge (-)
G: Waiting for the PB to finish (-)
I Risk: Not being in complete control
I Risk: Consequences of actions
Self motivated
G: Communication as support/motivation
I Process: Lack of sleep
Dont blame others/lecture
Can manage stress :
What to do when frustrated and not meeting own expectations?
PB: Time constraint = stress (-)
PB: Stressful
I Process: Perceptions of expectations
G: 2nd years managing expectations from last year
I Process: Concerns of impact of others (doing DIY)
I Process: Being in control
THOUGHT: Only successful students selected.
Can manage negative emotions
Detered from taking risks in future
CONTRADICTION
I Outcome: Confidence to take more risks in new PB
Loss of face amongst peers
Dont want to look like teachers pet
THOUGHT: Students selected was successful ones!
I Risk: Quality of chair received (-)
Sees the value of Design (maybe the bigger picture/benefit of what they are doing?)
See: Rich rewards for students
Academic approaches
Ideally must be voluntary
NOTE: Was a compulsory project
Create challenging projects in which they have freedom to take risks
PB: Freedom
PB: Challenge was fun
PB: Challenge of a broad PB
PB: Challenging project
PB: More difficult than previous years
I Process: More difficult to work alone
I Process: Difficult decision-making in uncertain circumstances
PB: Interesting
PB: Concept practicality
PB: Collection of old chairs
G: Pushing the boundaries of institution structures
G: Understanding PB
I Risk: Not making a chair
I Risk: Chair influences amount needed
PB: Boundaries
CONTRADICTIONS:
I Risk: Not going outside of the box
I Risk: Keeping the concept to a chair
I Risk: Limited risks taken
Push students beyond comfort levels
Project brief
PB: Different to previous years
PB: Client preferences
PB: Hand-on project
PB: Learn not to satisfy yourself only
PB: More difficult than previous years
PB: Overwhelming
PB: Past negative stories about project
Uncertainty
PB: Knew nothing (surprise)
PB: Did not know of PB
PB: Confusion
PB: Lacked insight at the start (-)
PB: Some insight in the project
PB: Create a physical design outcome
LINK TO UNCERTAIN DECISIONS
See Push students beyond comfort levels
PB: Project partners?
Groups
G: Pushing the boundaries of institution structures
G: Out of comfort zone (-)
Process
I Risk: Managing someone to do the DIY
I Risk: Not being in complete control
I Process: Being in control
I Process: Hard work
I Process: Lack of sleep
I: Play it safe = not pushing boundaries
WOW!!!
I: No comfort zone = no stagnating
Failure must not have negative consequences but must have learning opportunity
Uncouple risk from performance (Hargreaves)
I Outcome: Go big or go home/Extreme
I Outcome: Determination for success
I Outcome: Learned to use proper techniques
PB: Learn not to satisfy yourself only
I Outcome: Learning new skills and knowledge
I Outcome: Learning new materials
I Outcome: Pushed to learn new skills (+)
I Outcome: Designing for empathy
I Outcome: Self-expression
Projects not tightly constrained
PB: Challenge of a broad PB
PB: Freedom
Opportunity to do more than the student thinks they can do
What they think they can do may be defined by parents, teacher, self
Evaluated against peers abilities
Conquering challenges
I Risk: Proceeding with the concept despite the challenges
I Risk: Decision to continue despite challenge of skills
I Process: Structural challenges
I Risk: Sticking to concept despite challenges
I Risk: Execution challenges
I Process: Concept challenges
I Process: Judgement of capabilities
I Process: Not take easiest path
Exceeding expectations
I Risk: Level of execution (+)
I Outcome: New heights (+)
I Outcome: Professional growth/development
I Outcome: Pushed level of thinking (+)
I Outcome: The sky is the limit
I Outcome: Pushing the boundaries
CONTRADICTION: I Process: Not push to far
There must be rich rewards for student
Project Brief
PB: Part of something bigger
PB: Aim and goal of the PB
PB: Passionate about the project
PB: Concept for charity
PB: Privilege to be part
Preparation
PB Outcome: Preparation for lecturer crit
PB Outcome: Preparation for classes
PB Outcome: Preparation for real-world/industry
Outcome
I Outcome: Not boring (+)
I Outcome: Aesthetic quality (+)
I Outcomes: Finishing the design product
I Outcome: You did it yourself (+)
I Outcome: Realisation of concept to product
I Outcome: Proud of achievement (+)
I Outcome: Expression of self (+)
I Outcome: New heights (+)
I Outcome: Differentiate (+)
Other
I: Reward of marks
PB: Coffee vouchers (+)
Student acknowleged as individual
G: Application of the group theme to the individual project (+)
G Risk: Implement theme into individual concepts
PB: Individual work and not only group (+)
I Process: Individual vs Group (-)
G: Used strengths of individuals
G: Support individual ideas/concept (+)
G: Individual compromise for group benefit (+)
I Risk = standing out/being different
I Outcome: Personilize design outcome (+)
Lecturer
Is supportive
I Process: Lecturer insight/support/guidance (+)
G: Lecturers support (+)
I Process: Lecturer Influence/Impact
Two way communication
Influneced by language & Communication ability
I Process: Lecturer Influence/Impact
Success must be acknowledged
I Risk: Success of design product
I Outcome: Determination for success
NOTE: Going through to the next round of selection
Safe environment ( Hargreaves)
PB: Atmosphere
I Process: Sense of security
PB: Positive attitude of everyone
See sharing of tools and materials
Group/Team Work (NEW)
Benefit?
G: Improves design outcome
Conflict
G: Resolving of conflict (+)
G: Avoidence of conflict
Members
G: Selection of members (-)
G: Networking
G: New connections (new people)
G: Form friendships
G: Different perspectives of members (+)
I Process: Input from group members (+)
I Outcome: Not concerned about group members (+)
PB: Groups compilation (-)
G: Team members choice (-)
G: Already know team members (+)
G: Leadership within a group
G: Peer mentorship
G: Benefit of groups (+)
Individual vs Group
I Process: Individual vs Group (-)
PB: Work in teams
PB: Individual work and not only group (+)
PB: Not enough team work
G: Working in groups (-)
G: Individual compromise for group benefit (+)
G: Get to know yourself
I: Individual work
Group dynamics
G: Variety of leadership in groups (gender)
G: Variety of leadership in groups (age)
G: Interpretation of group theme for every member
G: Functioned as team later on
G: Good starting point
G: Support structure (+)
G: Insight into every person through group theme
G: Group dynamic (-)
G: Group dynamic (+)
G: Gender dynamics in the group
G: Different approach to PB
G: Bad start to project (-)
G: Create a comfortable space for idea sharing
G Risk: Selecting wrong concept
G: Fun
Skills needed
About making decisions
Influenced by personality
G: Identified role of member according to personality
G: Variety of personalities/experiences/people
I Process: Individual vs Group (-)
G: Individual compromise for group benefit (+)
G: Used strengths of individuals
I Process: Insight into own preferences
Analytical skills
Is it worth the time and effort?
Workload/Effort
G: Workload conflict
PB: Workload vs time (-)
I Risk: Workload of concept
I Outcome: Amount of effort (+)
Safety/Health
I Risk: Health complications
I Risk: Physical injury
I Risk: Safety (-)
Time
I Risk: Changing concept vs time (-)
I Risk: Time vs skills/tools/capabilities
I Risk: Learn new skills vs time and concept
PB: Time constraint = stress (-)
I Outcome: Time Management
I Process: Lack of sleep
PB: Concept vs time (-)
Worth
I Outcome: Personalize design outcome (+)
I Outcome: Not boring (+)
I Outcome: New heights (+)
I Outcome: Expression of self (+)
I Outcome: Execution (+)
I Outcome: Differentiate (+)
I Outcome: Aesthetic quality (+)
See Design Product/Outcome
See: Worth of time and effort
Influenced by their observation of environment/world
I Outcome: PB influenced risk-taking behaviour
PB: Real world experience
PB: Positive experience
Influenced by Knowledge
CONTRADICTION: I Risk: Using knowledge of others
Self
I Risk: Knowledge of materials (-)
I Risk: Pushing your skills, knowledge and thinking
I Outcome: Use own skills and knowledge
I Outcome: Learning new skills and knowledge
I Risk: Sustaining plants in design outcome
Others
Peers
G: Influence each other (+)
G: Wisdom of 2nd years (+)
THOUGHT: See Groups
THOUGHT: See ask for help
Lecturers
I Process: Lecturer Influence/Impact
I Process: Lecturer insight/support/guidance (+)
PB: Guest speaker knowledge
Research
I Process: Unconcious research (-)
I Process: Research (+)
PB: Impact of the learned curriculum on the project
Design decisions (NEW) :red_flag: why separate?
Challenges
I Process: Not take easiest path
I Risk: Taking chances
I Risk: Decision to continue despite challenge of skills
Decisions (+)
I Outcome: Decisions (+)
G: Decision-making (+)
I Risk: Decisions taken (+)
Decisions (-)
I Outcome: Decisions (-)
G: Decision making (-)
Uncertain
I Risk: Uncertain of the impact of decisions on design product
I Risk: Uncertainty of design decisions
I Risk: Uncertainty of design decisions
I Risk: Taking decisions with not a final design concept
I Risk: Decision-making within uncertain circumstances
I Process: Difficult decision-making in uncertain circumstances
Guidance
I Process: Peer input/guidance during decision-making
I Process: Rationale for making-decisions
G: Use theme for decision making
Communication & language skills
Justify or sell idea
I Process: Verbal communication of concept (-)
I Process: Communication of concept (-)
I Outcome: Visual communication of message/concept through the design outcome (+)
I Outcome: Visual communication of message/concept through the design outcome (-)
To ask for help
I Process: Family assistance/help/input (+)
I Process: Decisions to seek help (+)
G: Limited external help on design outcome
PB: Internal help from everyone
I Process: Lack of assistance (-)
I Process: Friends assistance
G: Daily communication
I Process: Supportive lecturers
G: Lecturers support (+)
G: Communication to get to know each other
I Risk: Managing someone to do the DIY
I Process: Peer input/guidance during decision-making
To ask questions
G: Daily communication
I Process: Supportive lecturers
G: Lecturers support (+)
Frame problem/Problems?
PB: Problem-solving approach
I Risk: Problem-solving of challenges
Experimental
Allowing for changes in direction during the project
G: Communication of changes
See Communication and language skills
I Risk: Push through the uncertainty rather than changing paths
I Risk: No clear direction for outcome
I Risk: Changing concept due to new insights
I Risk: Changing the look and feel
I Risk: Deconstruct
I Risk: Trail and error
I Risk: Changing concept for available materials
I Risk: Changing concept due to problems
I Risk: Allow for uncertainty
Allowing for uncertainty
? :red_flag:
PB: Uncertainty of details
I Risk: Uncertainty of design decisions
I Risk: Uncertainty about awaiting challenges
I Risk: Uncertain of impact of decisions on design product
I Risk: Decision-making within uncertain circumstances
I Risk: Controlling uncertain elements
I Process: Difficult decision-making in uncertain circumstances
G: Uncertainty of group theme
I Risk: Putting everything together
I Risk: Not finishing because of concept
THOUGHT:
What can go wrong?
I Risk: Health complications
I Risk: Physical injury
I Risk: Safety (-)
Skills (NEW)
I Outcome: Pushed to learn new skills (+)
I Risk: Time vs skills/tools/capabilities
I Risk: Pushing your skills, knowledge and thinking
I Risk: Learn new skills vs time and concept
I Risk: Decision to continue despite challenge of skills
I Process: Adequate skills to construct the design product (+)
I Outcome: Use own skills and knowledge
I Outcome: Learning new skills and knowledge
I Risk: Adhering to concept despite construction limitations
I Risk: Construction of concept
Materials and Tools (NEW)
Tools
I Risk: Learn to use new tools
I Risk: Time vs skills/tools/capabilities
I Risk: Problems with wrong tools
I Process: Use proper tools
I Process: Lack of equipment/tools
I Process: Sharing of tools
I Process: Access to equipment (+)
I Risk: Problems with wrong tools
Materials
I Risk: Possible material failure
I Risk: Changing concept for available materials
I Risk: Problem-solving aspects related to materials
PB: Free materials (+)
PB: Sharing of materials with everyone
I Outcome: Learning new materials
I Process: Aspects related to material
I Risk: Problem-solving aspects related to materials
Design Process (NEW)
PB: Design process
COST
I Process: Available funds (+)
I Risk: Limited funds (-)
PB: Free materials (+)
PB: Collection of old chairs
Ideation
I Risk: Level of creativity of concept
I Risk: Not repainting design outcome in aid of concept
I Risk: Lack of concept/pitch
I Risk: Not finishing because of concept
I Process: Ideation of concept
I Risk: Cute concept rather than abstract
I Risk: Learn new skills vs time and concept
I Risk: Keeping the concept to a chair
I Risk: Construction of concept
G: Support individual ideas/concept (+)
G: Concept needs to include all members
G Risk: Selecting wrong concept
G Risk: Implement theme into individual concepts
I Process: Approval of concept = stress (-)
I Process: Inspirational
Refinement
G: Selecting common theme (-)
G Risk: Selecting wrong concept
I Process: Analyses of chair/material
PB: Redraft of some students concepts
Implementation
I Process: Not take easiest path
I Process: Functionality of design product
I Process: Process to execute concept
I Process: Implementation of the concept
I Process: Hard work
I Process: Determination to complete project
I Process: Visualisation of concept
Design Product/Outcome (NEW) :red_flag:
I Outcomes: Finishing the design product
PB: Design product
I Risk: Putting everything together
I Risk: Level of execution (+)
I Risk: Adding elements vs holistic concept
I Outcome: Visual communication of message/concept through the design outcome (-)
I Outcome: Visual communication of message/concept through the design outcome (+)
I Outcome: Realisation of concept to product
Enjoyment
Surprise
PB: Did not know of PB
PB: Knew nothing (surprise)
Success - can also be high marks
I Risk: Success of design product
I Outcome: Determination for success
Recognition
THOUGHT: Marks and going through to the next round
Achievement/mastering something difficult
I Outcome: Proud of achievement (+)
Discovery
Satisfaction
I Outcome: Satisfaction (+)
Pride
Enjoy (NEW)
PB: Enjoy
G: Fun
PB: Challenge was fun
not of project itself - refers to what they knew about it
Is this :red_flag:a separate skill?
Is this a skill? :red_flag: