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Difficulty speaking (Dysphasia (Expressive (Broca)
can do single step…
Difficulty speaking
Dysphasia
Expressive (Broca)
- can do single step gesture
- not fluent
- cannot repeat 'no ifs, and or buts'
- frustrated
- right hemiparesis
Receptive (Wernicke)
- cannot do single step gesture
- fluent but meaningless speech (word salad, neologism)
- frustrated with others
- right hemiparesis/sensory loss/ superior quadrantanopia
Nominal
- cannot name
- speaks fluently
Conduction
- cannot repeat
- fluent
- can do single step gesture
- right hemiparesis/sensory loss/ homonymous hemianopia
Global
- cannot do single step gesture
- not fluent
- right hemiparesis/ sensory loss/ homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia
Dysphonia
Laryngeal
structural
laryngeal cancer (smoke, EtOH)
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neuro
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LMN
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RLN compression
iatrogenic (thyroidectomy, C-spine, neck, thorax)
malignancy (pancoast tumour, thyroid tumour)
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others
spasmodic dysphonia
- worse only on talking/ public speaking
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Dysarthria
spastic dysarthria
- hot potato voice
- bilateral UMN CN 9/10
- pseudobulbar palsy
- dysphagia, digestion
- UMN
flaccid dysarthria
- nasal breathy speech
- LMN CN 9/10
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