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Cartilage (Elastic Cartilage (Locations (Auricle of external ear,…
Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Features
Elastin
make it resilient and flexible
Fibrous Collagen Fibres
Locations
Auricle of external ear
Epiglottis
Auditory tube
Cuneiform cartilage of the larynx
Functions
Provides support but is able to withstand distortion
Post distortion able to retain original shape
Withstands damage during distortion
used in intervertebral joints (
amphiarthroses
)
Fibrous Cartilage
Location
Between Pubic Bones
Pads within the knee joint
Intervertebral Discs
Features
Densely interwoven collagen fibres
Extremely Durable and tough
Function
Resists compression
Prevents Bone to bone contact
Which would result in erosion of said bones
Limits relative movement
Hyaline (Articular) Cartilage
Features
Most Common
Closely packed collagen fibres making it tough
Glassy appearance due to
hyaluronic acid
within matrix
Locations
Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
Covering bone surfaces at synovial joints
Supporting larynx (voice box)
Trachea and bronchi
Forming part of the nasal septum
Forms articular cartilage
Functions
Provides stiff but somewhat flexible support
Reduces friction between bony surfaces
General Structure
Matrix
Contains
Proteins/Proteo-glycans
Provides cartilage with its characterised traits
Nests of 2-3 Lacuna
contain
chondrocytes
Development
develop from
mesenchymal
cells
in 3rd week of embryological growth
Function
Can form
Connective tissue
Bone
Cartilage
Vascular tissue
Perichondrium
Location
surrounds cartilage
Function
Growth
Repair
Composition
Connective tissue
Avascular
Blood vessels :red_cross:
relies on diffusion for nutrients
slow cartilage repair rate :warning:
Growth of Cartilage
Mechanisms
Interstitial growth
Stages
Step 1
Chondrocytes
Undergo cell divisions
Daughter cells produce matrix
Step 2
Cartilage
Enlarged within
Use
Imported for development from embryo to puberty
Appositional growth
Stages
Step 1
Cartilage
New layers added to surface (beneath Perichondrium)
Step 2
Fibroblasts
Differentiate into immature chondrocytes
thus enlarging the matrix
