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MENOPAUSE: (Assessments Findings & Symptoms: (Hot Flushes, Mood Swings…
MENOPAUSE:
Definition:
It is a gradual process that the woman reaches at the end of her reproductive life. It usual begins at the age of 45-55 years.
Risk Factors:
- Trauma to the ovaries or pelvic structures
Causes:
Menopause is a natural process that occurs as the ovaries age and produce less reproductive hormones. However menopause can occur due to injury or surgery to the ovaries or surrounding pelvic structures.
Pathophysiology:
The decline and eventual cessation of estrogen production by the ovary at menopause are reflected physiologically in tissues with estrogen receptors. The rate of decline of hormones is quite variable and often relates to symptoms experienced.
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Nursing Management:
The nurse should be sensitive to the patients feelings as they may feel a sense of loss of woman hood, loss of energy and depression due to realising they can never bear children again. The nurse must be supportive and provide counselling if necessary. The woman are also more prone to cancers and should be encouraged to have regular examinations done.
Health Education:
Advise the patient to eat properly, have a diet rich in protein, iron , calcium and fibre . Also advice them to exercise regularly, teach them how to do self breast examinations and to get mammograms regularly,
Medical Management:
The only management that can be done to relieve symtoms of menopause is hormone replacement therapy which is medication that supplements the loss of hormones. Treatment is given to woman under the age of 60 years were symptoms are severe and affect their quality of life.
References: (Healthline, 2018) (Mogotlane, 2013, p.500)