Multicultural Counseling
CHPT 1: Basic Concepts And Influences Of Culture
Counselor Awareness
sexual orientation
social class
racial/ethnic diversity
economics
ability/disbility
potential cultural bias
history of oppressed and marginalized grouos
acculturation
diversity within diversity
Basic Concepts Of Culture
Culture
Cultural Identity
Race
Ethnicity
Gender
Importance Of Culture In Counseling
counseling occurs in a cultural context
asses clients problem based on clients culture
counseling itself is culturally based
culture itself may be the focus of couseling
CHPT 2: Culturally Competent Counselor
Counselor Competency
develop positive orientation towards multiculturism
knowledge of one's worldview
belief and attitudes regarding racial and ethnics minorities
knowledge of cultural groups with whom one works
the need to check for biases
knowledge of socio-political influences
develop skills,strategies and interventions
beliefs and attitudes
knowledge
skills
💥 Importance Of Being Culturally Competent Counselor : 💥
gain trust and acceptance from clients from diverse cultural backgrounds
engage with multicultural issues presented during counselling
become confident,comfortable and prepared to engage with culture issues
effectively and ethically respond to power differential issues due to ethnic politics
better conceptualize client's problem
develop culturally sensitive treatment plan
use culturally relevant techniques and strategies to help client
multidimensional facets of cultural competence
3( awareness,knowledge,skills)X 4( foci on competence: individual,professional,organizational and societal)X 5(culture-specific attributes)
Multicultural counseling Model
counselor self awareness
general knowledge abt multicultural isues
multicultural counseling self-efficacy
understanding of unique client variables
effective counseling working alliance
multicultural counseling skills
Counselor Encapsulation??
process in which counselor cannot see beyond their belief system and fail to address cultural issues with the client
How To Avoid Counselor Encapsulation??
to challenge,unmask and deconstruct the values,biases and assumptions associated with ethnocentric monoculturism
to develop a comprehensive perspective that integrates contrasting assumptions form other cultures
CHPT 3: Ethics And Counselor Responsibility In Multiculture Contexts
Counselor have a an ethical responsibility to provide professional services that demonstrate respect for cultural worldviews
Law
defines the min standard society will tolerate and is enforced by the government
Ethics.1
represent the ideal standards set and is enforced by professional associations
Values
Professionalism
Ethics.2
Morality
belief and attitudes that provide direction to everyday living
Community Standards
beliefs we hold that constitutes right conduct.ethics are moral principles adopted by an individual or group to provide rules for right conduct
perspective of right and proper conduct which involves cultural and religious standard
ethical behavior,
reasonable behavior when a case involving malpractice is litigated
culture
associated with racial or ethnic group and with gender,religion,economic status,nationality,physical capacity or disability and affectional or sexual orientation
Ethnicity
a sense of identity that stems from common ancestry,history,nationality,religion and race
3.3 Counselor's Responsibility
professional helper
consultant
change agent
teacher
advocate
facilitator
indigenous healing system
indigenous support system
3.5 Models's in Ethical Decision Making
the transcultural integrative model âš
The social constructionist model âš
the feminist model âš
💥 Corey 8 Step Model (IIRKOCEC) : 💥
1. Identify the problem or dilemma
2. identify the potential issues involved
3. review the relevant ethic codes
4. now the applicable laws and regulations
5. Obtain consultation
6. consider possible and probable courses of action
7. Enumerate the consequences of various decisions
8. Choose the consequences to be the best course of action
💥 Fischer's Model (PTORAC) 💥
Step 1: Preparation (Do legal homework// Engage in soul searching to explore your own moral principles /Create your inform consent document/ Discuss the importance of confidentiality with your clients.)
Step 2: Tell clients truth upfront ( Inform the limits of confidentiality from your clients)
Step 3: Obtain truly informed consent before making a disclosure (Obtain the document informed consent form from your client before disclosing)
Step 4: Respond ethically to legal requests for disclosure( Notify your client of a pending legal demand for disclosure without his or her consent)
Step 5: Avoid the "avoidable" breaches of confidentiality. (Maintain confidentiality closely - monitor case notes and record keeping,establish and maintain policies for protecting confidentiality)
step 6: Talk about confidentiality (Continuously enhance your understanding and practice regarding confidentiality)
CHPT 4: The Dynamics Of Multicultural Counseling Process
💥Stages In Multicultural Counseling Process 💥
Stage 3:Conceptualizing the multicultural case(intermediate stage)
Stage 4: Initiating and facilitating culturally appropriate approaches and intervention strategies(ending stage)
Stage 2: Building a therapeutic multicultural counseling relationship(beginning stage)
Stage : 1: Making culturally appropriate preparation for counseling (pre multicultural counselong stage)
Stage 5: Evaluating the cross-cultural counseling process and outcomes( post-multicultural counselling process)
Dynamics Of Multicultural Counseling Process
How a counselor or a client feel about each other
How a client feels about the counselor
How a counselor or a client talk to each other
Hoe the counselor reacts to the client
Therapeutic And Curative Factors (counselor must strive to achieve this)
Therapeutic
Curative
to know what is expected from the process
to feels a sense of belongingness
to b accepted in the relationship
to feel safe
altruism
counselor-client cohesiveness
universality
intrapersonal learning
interpersonal learning
guidance/bambina
catharsis
identification
family reenactment
self-understanding
instillation of hope
existential factors
Client Lack Of Therapeutic and Curative Factors
become less interested
become less trusting
feel isolated
become less commited
become hostile
create conflicts
behave negatively
become dependant
Counselor Role To Detect Presence of Therapeutic Forces
Does the client feel comfortable in the process?
Does the client feel a sense of belonging in the process?
does the client like the counselor throughout the process?
Does the client know what are to be expected from the process
Factors For Successful MCC Process/Culturall Skilled Counselor
actively attempts to understand worldviews of clients without negative judgements
in the process of actively developing and practicing appropriate,relevant and sensitive intervention strategies and skills when working with diff culture clients
actively aware of own assumptions abt human behavior,values,biases,preconceived notions and personal limitations
becoming culturally skilled is an active process,and it s a process that never reaches a an end point
multicultural case conceptualisation
counsellors being aware of and integrating the impact of various cultural factors on client's presenting problems
counselors ability to articulate an appropriate treatment plan for working with clients based on this knowledge and skills
other factors for succesful MCC
humour
feedback
quality of counseling
cohesiveness
condisive enviroment
Barriers And Challenges In MCC
Presenting Isues/Problems
Third Party(eg; organization,client's support system,society)
Client Chracteristics
Counseling Context
Counselor Characteristics
language barrier
lack of practice experience and exposure to diverse cultures in Malaysia
Perceived multiculturally incompetence
Counselor's Value Conflicts
client's misconception/pre-judgemantal beliefs about counseling or counselor
client's dependency
client's resistance-lack of acceptance,trust ,confidence
culturally sensitive issues
culturally complex issues
stigmas and misconceptions
negative societal labelling
organisational expectations/pressures
resistance and lack of support system
uncondusive counseling room
conflicting work values and work ethics
CHPT 6: Theories of Cultural Identity
What is cultural Identity??
refer's to an individual's psychological membership in a distinct culture
when a person from one culture move to and stay in a second or third culture for a long time in the context of upbringing,schooling or employment,then a cultural interaction and interchange takes place
💥Racial/cultural Identity Development Model (RCID) 💥
Stage 2: Dissonance and appreciating
Stage 3: Resistance and Immersion
Stage 1: Conformity
Stage 4: Introspection
Stage 5: Integrative Awareness