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Oesophageal diverticulum (Disorder of the oesophagus) (Pathopysilogy (A…
Oesophageal diverticulum (Disorder of the oesophagus)
Definition
Diverticular are sacs or pouches formed at weak points in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. In the oesophagus these sacs-like outpouching occur in three main areas:
The upper part of the oesophagus , which is the most common location and is called Zenker's diverticulum pharyngo-oesophagal diverticulum.
The middle part of the oesophagus at the level of bifurcation of the bronchus, midoesophageal diverticulum.
The lower end of the oesophagus known as epiphrenic diverticulum.
Pathopysilogy
A large pouch may fill with food that is regurgitated when the person bends over and lie down.
This causes food th be inhaled into the lungs during sleep.
Resulting in aspiration pneumonia
Rarely the pouch enlarges and causes dysphagia.
Causes
Oesophageal diverticula are associated with improper functioning of the lower oesophageal sphincter, motor disoders of the oesophagus and strinctures of the oesophagus.
Usually common in people of the age 60 and older.
Assesment, findings and symptoms
Objective data
The patient may complain of odour caused by the stagnant food.
Sour taste in the mouth, regurgitation of stagnant food , dysphagia and halitosis.
Pain in the chest and weight loss.
Coughing may b evident and will be due to trachea irritataion from the regurgitated food or from destention of the diverticula with pressure on the trachea.
Weight loss may be due to nutritional depletion.
Diagnostic tests and findings
A video X-ray that produces image may be done during barium swallow to diagnose a pouch.
Management
Surgical management
Diverticulectomy which is the removal of the divercticulum
Long myotomy
Health Education
Stop smoking.
Avoid beverages that give you heartburn.
Avoid caffeinated fluids.
Drink plenty of fluid when eating and chew food well.
Risk factors
Gastro oesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)