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disorders of the esophagus(hiatus hernia) (health education (eat small…
disorders of the esophagus(hiatus hernia)
defination
the opening in the opening in the diaphram through which the esophagus passes become enlarged, and part of the upper stomach tends to move up into the lower potion of the thorax
causes
congenital muscle weakness
trauma
poor nutrition
pathophysiology
normally the muscles in the diaphram encircle the oesophageal junction and thus the stomach is prevented from ascending into the thoracic cavity.
In a hiatus hernia, part of the stomach herniates upwards into the mediastinal cavity through a weakness in the diaphram, caused by trauma or loss of muscle tone
assessment findings
the clinical features of hiatus hernia normally depend on the size of the hernia and the amount of displace abdominal viscera
symptoms
heartburn
flatulence and belching
dyspnia
medical management
antacids can be taken after meals and at bedtime
surgical manangement
to reduce reflux by enhancing the integrity of the lower oesphageal sphincter, repair hernia below the diaphram and narrow the oesophageal sphincter. Valvuplasty or antireflux proceders are usualy used
health education
eat small,frequent, bland meals
wear loose underwear
avoid smoking and drinking
eat 3 times aday
avoid being overweight
risk factors
heavily lifting
pregnancy
straining
coughing
smoking
nursing management
to protect oesophagus from ulceration by acid reflux and to prevent and manange complication