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Anorectal disorders (ANAL FITTURES ,ABSCESSES AND FISTULAS (Causes…

- - - - Chronic constipation
      - Frequent diarrhea
      - Anal trauma
      - Women who just gave birth
      - People with Crohn's disease
  - - - physical examination
      - Common findings leading to the diagnosis of a perirectal abscess are fever, redness, swelling and tenderness to palpation. However, while most abscesses are visible on the outside of the skin around the anus, it is important to recognize that there may be no external manifestation of an abscess, other than a complaint of rectal pain. A digital rectal exam may cause exquisite pain.
    - - history regarding anorectal symptoms and past medical history are necessary
      - ask history about stool passing for example passing hard stool
      - history about present of constipation
      - Any present of medical conditions for example present of tuberculosis may cause disease
      - any diarrhoea symptoms
- - - - Straining during bowel movements.
      - Sitting for long periods of time on the toilet.
      - Chronic diarrhea or constipation.
      - Obesity.
      - Pregnancy.
      - Anal intercourse.
      - Low-fiber diet
  - - - External haemorrhoid seldom bleed or cause pain unless the vain raptures
    - - A visible palpable mass if haemorrhoids are external
      - Constipation and anal itching
      - infection or alceration and mucous discharge
      - Bleeding during decefation with bright red blood on the stool due to injury of mucosa
      - Infection or ulceration
  - - - Prevent constipation by eating high fibre diet
      - Avoiding prolong period of standing or seating
      - Taking a warm seat bath to reduce the discomfort and swelling
      - Inserting soothing anal suppositories as ordered three times a day
      - Controlling itching by improving anal hygiene
    - - Strict personal hygiene
      - Encourage high fibre diet
      - Regular exercise
      - The patient have to drink two to three litres of fluid to encourage bowel action
    - - Haemorrhoidectomy
      - Sclerotherapy
      - Cryosurgery