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CONDITIONS OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS (PAROTITIS (MANAGEMENT (Massage the…
CONDITIONS OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
PAROTITIS
DEFINITION
Inflammation of one or both parotid glands, can be acute or chronic
CAUSES
Decreased flow of saliva, often secondary to either blockage of salivary duct by a stone
Viral infection such as mumps
SYMPTOMS
Redness,swelling and tenderness over the gland
Overlying skin swells and becomes red and shiny
Initially there may be increased salivation, but as the inflammation progresses, the saliva diminishes
Pus may even be present in bacterial infection
MANAGEMENT
Massage the gland to stimulate the flow of saliva
Administer analgesics to control pain
Administer antibiotics for bacterial infection
Surgical drainage for chronic parotitis or surgical removal of damaged infected gland
Maintain oral hygiene
Maintain adequate nutrition
CALCULI OR SIALOLITHIASIS
DEFINITION
Formation of stones in the salivary glands due to inactivity of the gland or in a case where the patient has a condition that favours precipitation of sodium
CAUSES
Calculi are formed from calcium phosphates
SYMPTOMS
Localised colicky pain
Swollen gland which is tender and painful
Stone may be palpable
MANAGEMENT
Surgical removal of the stone
NEOPLASMS OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
DEFINITION
Tumours occuring in the submaxillary are prone to malignancy
CAUSES
Prior exposure to radiation
SYMPTOMS
Pain due to expansion of the gland thus causing pressure on the sensory nerves
MANAGEMENT
Surgical excision of both benign and malignant tumors
The facial nerve must be preserved
Radiotherapy may be neccessary if the tumour is malignant or recur
Chemotherapy is palliative
CONDITIONS OF THE TEETH
DENTAL PLAQUE
DEFINITION
A transparent colourless mass that adheres to the teeth, it consists of proliferating bacteria with leucocytes,macrophages and epithelial cells in a sticky polysaccharide protein
CAUSES
Poor oral hygiene
SYMPTOMS
Teeth covered by plaque
Halitosis
MANAGEMENT
Refer to a dentist to reduce sticky adherent mass between teeth
HEALTH EDUCATION
Advise the patient on good oral hygiene through brushing, flossing and rinsing after meals remove plaque
DENTAL CARIES OR TOOTH DECAY
DEFINITION
Declaration of the mineral components and dissolution of the organic matrix teeth
CAUSES
Infection of the pulp occurs if decay progresses
Lactobacilli and streptococcus mutans which produce acid from sugars deposited on the teeth
SYMPTOMS
Formation of cavities
Plaque builds up over the teeth and adheres to teeth
Outer enamel of teeth and dentine id destroyed by acid
Pulpitis occurs with abscess formation
Pain, facial oedema, tireness and pyrexia
Irreversible damage to the pulp may occur
MANAGEMENT
Referral to a dentist for further management , the dentist may:
Remove the affected teeth if necessary
Do a root canal therapy which involves removal
Fill the pulp cavity with inert material
Advise on regular dental check-ups
HEALTH EDUCATION
Advise the patient on:
Prevention of decay through good oral care,tooth brushing and flossing to remove plaque
Use of fluoride to prevent dental caries