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Conditions of the gastro intestinal tract (Conditions of the lips (Risk…
Conditions of the gastro intestinal tract
Conditions of the lips
Lip cancer: Is a lip lesion that is painless and indurated
Causes
Overexposure to the sun
Constant irritation such as smoking a pice
Tanning
Immunosuppression
Syphilis
Symptoms
Bleeding or pain in the lips
Swelling of the jaw
Red or white patch on the lips
Sores or blisters on the mouth that does not go away
Risk factors
Tobacco smoking
Heavy alcohol use
Prolonged exposure to sunlight
Having light coloured skin
Being a male
Management
Surgical removal of the ulcer followed by radiation may be necessary.
Chemotherapy
Conditions of the gums
Gingivitis
Gingivitis : is the inflammation of the gums
Causes
Plaque at the neck of the teeth due to poor oral hygiene
Missing or irregular tooth
Eating of soft rather than fibrous food
Management
Remove devitalised tissues
Administer analgesics to relieve pain
Do peroxide mouth wash to promote comfort
Advise a patient to follow good oral hygiene
To eat food with plenty of vitamin B and C
To avoid smoking and alcoholic drinks
Conditions of the teeth
Causes
Infection of the pilp
Poor oral hygiene
Lactobacilli and streptococcus
Plaque formation
Eating and drinking
Symptoms
Pain- a toothache is one of the most common cavity symptoms
Pressure- both increased tooth sensitivity and pain when chewing
Pus- most serious symptom of pus around the tooth
Management
Advise a patient on prevention of decay through good oral care, tooth brushing and flossing to remove plaque
Use of fluoride to prevent dental caries
Taking good diet that is low in carbohydrates
Refer the patient to a dentist for further management
Dentist may remove the affected teeth if necessary, Do a root canal therapy which involve removal of the pulp , fill the pulp cavity with inert material
Advise a patient for regular check up
Tooth decay: is a decalcification of the mineral components and dissolution of the organic matrix of the teeth
Conditions of the mouth
Causes
Mechanical trauma such as jagged teeth, cheek biting
Tobacco smoking
Vitamin deficiency
Health education
Advise the patient to stop smoking
teach your patient to practice proper oral hygiene
Management
practice good oral hygiene
Ensure an intake of vitamins
Avoid factors like tobacco
Refer the patient to the dentist for further care of the teeth
Use ibuphrofen if there is pain
Condition of the salivary glands
Parotitis: Is the inflammation of one or both parotid glands. It is common in dehydrated and debilitated patients often in postoperative period.
Causes
Decreased flow of saliva
Viral infection such as mumps
Staphylococcus
Dental sepsis
Pneumococcus
Symtoms
Swollen parotid glands
Swollen glands near jaw an cheeks
Pus may even appear in bacterial infection
Management
Massage the gland to stimulate the flow of saliva
Administer the analgesic to control the pain
Administer antibiotics for bacterial infection
Surgical drainage for chronic parotitis or surgical removal of damaged infected gland