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Liver Disorders (Liver Abscess (Definition (Is a pus filled mass inside…
Liver Disorders
Liver Abscess
Definition
Is a pus filled mass inside the liver.
Causes
Caused by amoeba and E. coli and staphylococcus, abdominal diverticulitis, appendicitis, hematogenous spread through the the portal vein
Risk factors
Alcohol abuse , Drugs
Pathophysiology
Amaebic liver abscess are large and singular and are usually secondary to infection in the biliary system, portal vein, hepatic arterial, or hepatic system. Pyogenic abscess occur as a single large abscess or multiple small or microscopic abscesses it includes necrosis of the liver fissure and abscess formation
Assessment findings
Liver is enlarged, hard and irregular but eventually atrophies, presence of jaundice , weight loss, weakness, clubbing of fingers, hypertension
Mangement
Antacids for gastric distress, give vitamin and nutritional supplements. minimise possible gastrointestinal bleeding, Potassium sparing diuretics(aldactone), anti inflammatory agents and administering antibiotics
Health education
Patient need guidelines about the diet, importance of avoiding alcohol.
Jaundice
Definition
A medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of bile duct by liver disease or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells
causes
Blood transfusion reaction , sickle cell crisis and haemolytic disorder. It is also caused by obstruction of the common bile duct by a gallbladder , carcinoma of the head of the pancreas
Pathophysiology
Haemoglobin split into the haem and globin .The haem is broken down into the liver into conjugated bilirubin to be finally excreted as part of bile, excess conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin passes into the bloodstream and is deposited into the skin, mucous membrane, sclera and tissues causing a yellow discoloration .The urine will be very dark because of excess bilirubin
Risk factors
Neonates, Drugs-Rifampin , Probenecid, Gilbert Syndrome, Chronic hepatitis, advanced hepatitis, advanced cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism and heart failure
Assessment
Fever and chills with high temperature, cough and malaise, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, weight loss , yellowish skin. Yellowish eyes
Management
Hepatitis
Definition
Is an inflammation of the liver
Causes
Viruses, bacteria or toxic substance
Risk Factors
Patient with frequently exposure to blood, IV injection, Healthcare workesrs in contact with blood
Pathophysiology
There is a liver damage due to acute infection that is mediated by cytotoxic cytokines and natural killer cells that cause lysis of the infected cells. The liver may be swollen. Bile flow might be interrupted leading to cholestasis damage of liver.
Assessment findings
Nausea and vomiting, weakness, weight loss, Skin itchy.
Management
Surgical removal of an extra hepatic obstruction,