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Chemistry Exam (Atoms (Electron (Very small, Orbits the nucleas at extreme…
Chemistry Exam
Atoms
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Models are often used to show the structure of an atom based on its relative size and are differentiated with colour
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Elements which are not noble gases cannot be found as a single atom, but as a molecule with 2 or more atoms, called polyatomic ions so the electrons all have full outer shells
Dissolving
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The attractive forces between the solute particles and the solvent particles cause the solid particles to fall apart.
A solute will only dissolve if the attractive forces between the solute and the solvent is stronger than the attractive forces within the solute itself
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Diffusion occurs when particles of a solute move through a solvent by random (natural particle movements) to form a solution which is even in the particles
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Acids
Mineral Acids come artificially from minerals while organic acids are made by living things and all contain the element carbon.
Organic Acids: Citric, Tartaric, Acetic
Mineral Acids: Hydrochloric, Sulfuric, Nitric
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Indicators
Litmus paper can be red or blue. If natural, stays red or blue. If acid, both red. If base, both blue
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Base
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The Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions react together to form water, and the rest of the chemical forms a salt.
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Reactions
Chemical properties are how a chemical would react with other substances, eg. water, air and acid
When chemicals react there are often observations including:
- light given off
- new substance forming
- gas production
- burning
- heat release
- colour change
- smell
Chemical reactions are often written down with chemical equations. These can be word equation, chemical formulae
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