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CONDITIONS OF THE LIPS,MOUTH,TEETH,GUMS AND SALIVARY GLANDS (conditions of…

- - - - inflammation of the oral cavity involving the gums, mouth and lips
    - - mechanical trauma
      - smoking
      - vitamin deficiency
      - mouth breathing
    - - halitosis
      - pain and discomfort
      - loose teeth
      - cracking at mouth corners
    - - avoid aetiological factors
      - ensure an intake of vitamins
      - good oral hygiene
      - referral to the dentist
  - - - begins as red stomatitis over the tongue
      - later covered with thick creamy white mucous membrane
    - - indiscriminate use of antibiotics
      - chronic irritation
      - smoking tobacco
    - - Sore mouth
      - Mucous membrane red and tender
      - Excessive salivation
      - Herpes simplex may also be present
    - - If lesion persists longer than two weeks, a physician must be consulted and a biopsy should be done
      - Advise the patient to stop the use of tobacco
      - Good oral hygiene
      - Proper use of prescribed antibiotics
- - - - Shallow ulcer with a white or yellow centre and a red border on the inner aspect (mucous membrane) of the lip or cheek
    - - Emotional or mental stress
      - Hormonal factors
      - Minor trauma, e.g. biting
      - Vitamin deficiency
      - Associated with HIV infections, cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy
    - - Starts with a burning or tingling sensation and slight swelling
      - Continues to become painful
      - Heals after 7-10 days without a scar
    - - Saline mouth wash
      - Soft bland diet
      - Local or systemic antibiotics may be prescribed
      - If lesion persists longer than two weeks, a physician must be consulted and a biopsy should be performed
- - - - Inflammation of one or both parotid glands; can be acute or chronic
    - - Decreased flow of saliva, often secondary to either blockage of salivary duct by a stone or the formation of a stricture or microorganisms in bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci
      - Viral infection such as mumps
    - - Redness, swelling and tenderness over the gland
      - Overlying skin swells and becomes red and shiny
      - Initially there may be increased salivation, but as the inflammation progresses the saliva diminishes
      - Pus may even be present in bacterial infection
    - - Massage the gland to stimulate the flow of saliva
      - Administer analgesics to control the pain
      - Administer antibiotics for bacterial infection
      - Surgical drainage for chronic parotitis or surgical removal of damaged infected gland
- - - - Yellowish or greyish- white lesion with hyperkeratisation
    - - Chronic irritation with physical, thermal and chemical factors such as the use of tobacco
      - Rough teeth
      - Rough places on dentures, fillings, and crowns
      - Smoking or other tobacco use (smoker's keratosis), especially pipes
    - - Painless lesion found in varying sizes and shapes
    - - Eliminate risk factors such as tobacco and hot beverages
      - Check teeth and correct defect that may cause irritation
      - Give a high vitamin diet
      - A biopsy may have to be done to determine if it is malignant
      - If malignant, surgical intervention may be necessary