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Disorders of the gallbladder (cholecystitis (symptoms (severe abdominal…
Disorders of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
defination
inflammation of the gallblader
causes
dietary habits
gallbladder activity
excess cholesterol in the bladder
decreased blood supply to the blader
tumours in the gallblader
genetics predisposition
risk factors
woman
changing of hormones
age, after age of 40
obese
rapid change of weight
people with diabetes
symptoms
severe abdominal pains
fever
vomiting
loose coloured light stools
itching
jaundice
nausea
abdominal cramping and bloating
chills
management
pain relievers
broad spectrum antibiotics
oral dissolution therapy
cholecystectomy
pathophysiology
inflammation of the gallblader
irritation by the concentrated bile from stasis
mucosal lining becomes oedematous, hyperaemic and ischaemic
leading to marked gallbladder distension with pus
gallbladder becomes amenable to ischaemic effects
resulting in necrosis and sloughing of the mucosal layer
this cause the gangrene and peroration of the gallbladder
assessment
subject data
inflammation of the gallbladder
pain
nausea and vomiting
intolerance for fatty foods
objective data
extreme tenderness
jaundice
fever
chronic cholectstitis
defination
a persistent inflammation of the gallbladder
causes
middle aged
weight
gallbladder activity
dietary activity
tumours in the liver
risk factors
middle aged
symptoms
clay coloured stool
vomiting
fever and chills
abdominal bloating
yellowing of skin and white of the eyes
assessment
subjective data
vague symptoms of discomfort
fat intolarance
flatulence
objective data
use of ultrasonography
radionuclides imaging
management
reduce incidence of acute episode
endoscopic and surgical proced
Cholelelithiasis
defination
Is the presence of gallstones associated with inflammation of the gallbladder
causes
abnormalities of the composition of the bile
stasis of bile
inflammation of the gallblader
risk factors
obstruction of the biliary tract
obesity
Malabsorption
starvation and rapid weight loss
drugs that lower cholesterol levels
diabetes mellitus
vagotomy
inflammation of the gaallbladder
cirrhosis of the liver
Pathophysiology
associated with alteration and balance that keep cholesterol, bile, salts and calcium.
the are stones that are composed of cholesterol and that are made of calcium salts and bile pigments.
stones of bile pigments and bile salts formed from unconjugated pigment in the bile
Cholesterol stones develop in response to the solubility of cholesterol
the bile is over saturated with cholesterol
cholesterol laden stones irritates the mucosa layer
gallstones results in the obstruction of bile flow, inflammation and dilation of the gallbladder.
Assessment and common findings
subjectives
abdominal distension
epigastric fullness
vague to severe pain in the right upper quadrant
objectives
Palpable abdominal mass
Inspection jaundice
symptoms
Pain and biliary colic
fever due to inflammation
marked tenderness in the right upper quadrant
Intolerance for fatty foods
Bleeding tendencies
Marked pruritus due to jaundice
Management
reduce the incidence of acute episode of biliary colic
remove the cause of cholelithiasis through pharmacological therapy, endoscopic , surgical procedures and conservative modalities
remove gallstones
relieve persistent symptoms
treat acute cholecystitis