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inflammatory bowel disoders (APPENDICITIS (symptoms (sudden pain on the…
inflammatory bowel disoders
APPENDICITIS
defination
condition in which appendix become inflamed and filled with pus
pathophysiology
This caused by the appendecial lumen .This causes increased pressure within lumen which later result in loss of epithelial integrity and allowing bacterial invasion of appendiceal wall
causes
cancer
blocked appendix due to foreign body
infection
enlarged lymphoid follicles
risk factors
occurs between the age of 10 and 30
family history of appendicitis
having cystic fibrosis
infection
assessment findings
subjective
persistent, continuous, , periumbilical pain
pain on the lumber relegion
pain on defecation
anorexia
nausea and vomiting
objective
abdominal exam
CT scan and ultrasound
blood test
urine test
rectal examination
symptoms
sudden pain on the right side of the lower abdomen
nausea & vomiting
loss of appetite
low grade fever
abdominal bloating
management
medical
laparoctomy
give intravenous therapy to correct fluids &electrolyle
administer antibiotics
administer analgesia
surgical
laparoscopy appendectomy
nursing
allay anxiety
relieve pain
prevent infection
correct fluid and electrolyte
maintain optimal nutrition
prepare the patient for surgery
health education
DIVERTICULOR DISEASE
Defination
condition that occurs due to ageing of muscles that make up the wall of the large bowel .
pathophysiology
occurs when the mucosa or submucosal layer herniates through the muscle wall of the gut due to increased pressure in the lumen poor muscle tone . this occurs when blood vessels pass through the bowel wall
risk factors
obesity
smoking
using nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs
lack of exercise
age
causes
increased pressure within lumen
poor muscle tone
lack of dietary intake
decrease in physical activity
poor bowel habits
symptoms
diarrhea
constipation
painful cramps
chills and fever
assessment findings
subjective data
bowel irregularity
narrow flat stool and constipation
weakness and fatigue
lower grade fever
onset of cramp pain on the left abdomen
anorexia and nausea
objectve
CT scan
ultrasonography
colonoscopy
barium enema to confirm diverticuli
management
medical
give parenteral fluid
administer nasogastric tube
antispamodics
give antibiotics
provide analgesia
surgical
resection of the inflamed area
colostomy and anostomosis
nursing
bedrest is encouraged
administer analgesia
health education
increase fluid intake
take prescribed bulk laxatives
establish a schedule \pattern for eating
engage to exercise programme
avoid factors that increase abdominal pressure
INFLAMMAOTORY BOWEL DISEASE
DEFINATION
agroup of inflammatory condition of the colon and small intestines.
risk factors
age
family history
living in industrial area
cigarette smoking
causes
immune system malfuction
genetic factors
enviromental agents
infections agents
psychogenic factors
pathophysiology
inflammation of the mucosa of the intestinal tract, causing ulceration, edema, bleeding, and fluid and electrolyte loss. genetic factors appeared to influence the risk of IBD by causing a, deficits in autophagy .
symptoms
diarrehea
fever &fatigue
abdominal pain
blood in your stool
reduced appetite
assessment findings
subjective data
abdominal pain
blood stool
anorexia
weight loss
objectve
blood test
x-ray
barium enema
sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy
upper endoscopy
management
medical
immunosuppressive drugs
anti inflammatory drugs
antibiotics
anti diarrhea meds
pain reliever
surgical
ileostomy
colostomy
prostocolectomy
nursing
control diarrhea
promoting optimal bowel function
minimize or prevent complication
promote optimal nutrition
administer drugs
health education
try low fat food
limit diary product
take care with fiber
avoid spicy food, alcohol , caffein
eat small meals
REGIONAL ENTERITIES
DEFINATION
recurent granulomatous type of inflammatory response that is progressive , persistent , and often disabling.
pathophysiology
causes
•Immune system problems
•Genetics
•Environmental factors
risk factores
age
enthnicity
oral contraceptive
antibiotics
stress
symptoms
•Diarrhea
• Stomach pain
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Fever
assessment findings
subjective data
coliky pain
weight loss
chronic diarrhae
abdominal tenderness
objectve
full blood count
endoscopic studies
radiological studies
haemotological studies
management
medical
anti- inflammatory agents
immunosuppressive drugs
monoclonal antibody
surgical
resection of diseased bowel
drainage of abcesses
repair of fistulae
nursing
promote comfort
promote healing
mataining adequate nutrition
adminisster fluids
prevent complications
health education
avoid spicy food
providwe health diet
limit diary
incease prebiotic intake
eat small meals