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disorders of the liver (HEPATITIS (subjectve (low grade fever, sever…
disorders of the liver
JAUNDICE
defination
is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood.
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pathophisiology
Most bilirubin is produced when Hb is broken down into unconjugated bilirubin (and other substances)
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objective data
findings
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Move down the body, doing the same.
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HEPATITIS
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pathophysiology
due to the interaction of the virus and the host immune system, ..
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which leads to liver injury and, potentially, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
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cancer of the liver
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assessment findings
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objectives
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imaging tests(CT scan, MRI etc.)
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pathophysiology
It begins in cells of the liver .Several types of the liver cancer exist,e. g hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the in the main type of the cell(hepatocyte).Not all cancer affecting liver is considered liver cancer.
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CIRRHOSIS
Defination
Is a chronic progressive disease which is characterised by excessive degeneration and destruction of the parenchymal cells of the liver
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Pathophysiology
Cirrhosis is the final stage of many types of liver injury. In cirrhosis, the liver varies in appearance. The most prominent feature is a nodular consistency with bands of fibrous scar tissue and small areas of regenerating tissue. The fibrotic changes in the liver distort the hepatic structures, resulting in the obstruction of the splanchnic
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liver failure
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Pathophysiology
In the majority of acute liver failure (ALF) there is widespread hepatocellular necrosis beginning in the centrizonal distribution and progressing towards portal tracts.
The degree of parenchymal inflammation is variable and is proportional to duration of disease.
Liver abscess
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Pathophysiology
Amoebic liver abscesses are large and singular and are usually secondary to infection in the biliary system, portal venous system, hepatic arterial or lymphatic systems. Pyogenic abscesses occur as a single large abscess or multiple small and microscopic abscesses. Pyogenic organisms may also be introduced to the liver by penetrating injuries or by direct continuous extension. In most instances bacteria are immediately destroyed but in other these gain momentum and cause infection.
subjective data
The patient with an amoebic liver abscess will give history of bloody mucoid diarrhoea, general abdominal pain and rectal tenesmus
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