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Module 6.2 (Mixtures (This means the substances that make up the mixture…
Module 6.2
Mixtures
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One common type of mixture is a solution . A solution is formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid. In a solution:
the dissolving solid is known as the solute • the liquid in which the solute dissolves is known as the solvent .
Many common solutions have water as their solvent. These water-based mixtures are referred to as aqueous solutions
Many of the substances used every day are not simply elements or compounds but are mixtures of elements and compounds. A mixture is made up of more than one substance, where the substances are not chemically bonded together
Milk is an example of an everyday mixture where solid particles are suspended in a liquid. Although the particles in milk are solid, they are very small and so will never settle to the bottom of the liquid.
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Alloys
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Alloys are particularly important because they often have very different and useful properties compared to the pure metal
For example, iron is cheap to produce but is soft and rusts easily, making it less useful. The properties of steel alloys vary greatly depending on what the iron is mixed with
Adding small amounts of carbon to iron produces the alloy steel, which is strong and useful for building skyscrapers, bridges, machinery and cars. Adding chromium and nickel produces stainless steel, which stops it rusting.
Compounds
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The properties of compounds are usually very different from the properties of the elements that make them up
Some compounds are made up of molecules—such as water, wax and vegetable oil. In these compounds, each molecule contains two or more different types of elements
Most substances you encounter every day are made up of more than one type of atom. These forms of matter are known as compounds .
Other compounds form crystal lattices. For example, table salt is made of a lattice of sodium and chlorine atoms, while beach sand is a lattice of silicon and oxygen.
Molecular Compounds
All the molecules in a compound are identical in size and shape, and have the same number of atoms.
Lattice Compounds
In these lattices, the atoms are bonded very strongly to each other, so these compounds tend to be hard solids at room temperature some examples are table salt and beach sand
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