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Inflammatory bowel movement (appendicitis (symptoms (nausea and vomiting,…
Inflammatory bowel movement
appendicitis
defination
inflammation of the appendix
pathophysiology
Obstruction of the appendix leads to oedema distension
Pressure applied on the intramural blood vessels which lead to vascular engorgement.
This results in gangrene of the appendix.
The mucosal wall ulcerates, becomes infected and ruptures.
This spreads infection to the peritoneum.
management
surgical removal of appendix
laparotomy and laparoscopy
abscess drainage
relieve pain
correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance
optimal nutrition
assessment
objective data
low-grade fever
local tenderness on palpation at the lower quadrant of the abdomen
subjective data
persistent, continuous, periumbilical pain
discomfort and pain
lying down position with the right leg flexed is prefered
pain on defecation
abdominal pain
pain on micturition
anorexia, nausea and vomting
risk factors
family history
cystic fibrosis
low fibre diet
symptoms
nausea and vomiting
loss of appetite
constipation
fever and chills
diarrhoea
abdominal swelling
inability to pass gas
causes
faecal mass
foreign bodies
kinking of the eppendix
intramural swelling
fibres conditions of the bowel wall
tumours of the caecum
health education
advise the patient to take proper diet, high in fibre
advise the patient not to self medicate in cases of abdominal pain
stress the importance of taking medication as prescribed
diverticular disease
definition
is a sac like dilation or an out pouching of the mucous layer of the bowel that extends through a defect in a muscle layer
risk factors
obesity
aging
smoking
lack of exercise
diet high in animal fat, and low in fibre
certain medication
causes
lack of dietary intake of fibre
decrease in physical activity
poor bowel activity
symptoms
pain
nausea and vomiting
fever
constipation
abdominal tenderness
management
medical management
drainage of the abscess
intravenous therapy
administer prescribed antibiotics
surgical management
surgical removal of the eppendix through laparotomy
nursing managent
:allay enxiety
relieve pain
prevent systemic infection
correct fluid and electrolyte balance
restore and maintain optimal nutrition
health education
educate the patient not to self medicate in cases of abdominal pain
visit the doctor as soon as feeling abdominal pain
maintain a normal elimination pattern
increase fluid intake
establish a schedule for eating and defecation
engage in exersicing
reduce weight if obese
avoid the causing factor
pathophysiology
sub-mucosa or mucosal layer herniates through the muscle wall of the gut
occurs in areas where blood vessel pass the bowel wall
presence of harden feaces
causing inflammation
inflammation extend to the bowel wall
Inflammation cause irritability and spasticity of the colon
inflammatory bowel disease
defination
refers to two chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, namely, regional enteritis or crohn`s disease and ulcerative colitis
causes
heredity
environmental agents
psychogenic factors
immune system malfunction
symptoms
diarrhoea
fever and fatigue
abdominal pain and cramping
bloody stool
loss of appetite
unintended weight loss
risk factors
cigarrete smoking
family history
age
race
environment
non-steroidal anti-inflammation medications
management
treat the cause
stop smoking
analgesia
educate the patient about the disease
dietary manipulation
give corticoids
immunosuppressant therapy
colonoscopy
regional enteritis
definition
recurrent granulomatous type of inflammatory response that is progressive, persistent and often disabling
management
promoting comfort and healing
adequate nutrition and fluid volume
early identification and treatment of complications
not taking steriods
changes of diet, omission of milk
roentgenotherapy
assessment and common findings
physical examanition
thorough history of the patient
symptoms
colicky pain
chronic diarrhoea
low grade fever
athritis
skin lesion
risk factors
smoking
age
gender
family history
geographical region
causes
ingesting contaminated things by bacteria or viruses
autoimmune conditions
pathophysiology
begins with inflammatory oedema and thickening of the mucosa
later develops into ulcers
sharply formation of lesions
lesions interperced between normal segments of the bowel
thickness of intestinal wall and submucosal layer is affected
fissures and crevices develop on the affected area
Smooth muscle layer of the bowel are spared from the disease process .
The loops of the diseased bowel are adhere to each other causing obstruction.
bowel wall becomes thickened and inflexible
lumen becomes narrow
regional lymph nodes enlarges