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Disorders of the pancreas (Chronic pancreatitis (Causes (Diet that is poor…
Disorders of the pancreas
Acute pancreatitis
Defination
Means the inflammation of the pancreas that develops quickly
Assessment and common findings
Subjective ata
History of alcohol abuse
Persistant vomiting of gastric
Fever
Signs of cardiac dysfunction
Signs of renal failure
Objective data
Abdominal tenderness
Poorly defined palpable mass
Restlessness
Anxiety
Pulmonary crackles
Pathophysiology
The mechanism that cause pancreatitis are undefined but it is believed to be premature activation of pancreatic enzyme
The mechanism by which alcohol affect the is also undefined but it is associated when the production of HCI increases as it will decrease the PH and stimulate the secretion of hormone
This hormone then stimulate the secretion of pancreatic
Alcohol does implicate in the causation of regurgitation of duodenal contents into the pancreatic duct, thereby the proteolytic enzyme is stimulated
Nursing management
Reduce pain
Reduce pancreatic activity
Provide comfort
Surgical management
Drainage and debridement
Exploratory laparotomy
Health education
Advise patient about important of follow up
Advise patient to eat balance diet
Advise patient to avoid alcohol
Risk factor
Gallstones
Conditions such as high triglyeridesand lupus
Heavy alcohol drinking for long time
Certain hereditary conditions such as cystic fibrosis
Chronic pancreatitis
Defination
Is a inflammation of the pancreas that does not heal or improve but it get worse over time and lead to permanent damage
Causes
Diet that is poor in protein
History of prolonged use of alcohol
Genetic mutation due to cystic fibrosis
Familial pancreatitis
Risk factors
Abusing alcohol
Smoking
Family history
Aged people of 30 and 40
Pathophysiology
Prolonged use of alcohol can cause calcification of pancreatic tissue resulting in fibrosis and obstruction of the pancreatic duct
Protein may also precipitate in the ducts enhancing the obstruction
The malabsorption that develops as the disease progresses impaired due to fat and protein digestion
Nursing management
Prevent and manage acute atacks
Reduce pain and discomfort
Surgical management
Diversion of gastric juice
Division of the autonomic nerve fibres
Elimination of obstruction of the duct
Assessment and common findings
Objective dat
Diagnostic test, serum amylase and lipase are not signifantly elevated
Glucose tolerance test may reveal hyperglycaemia
Urea and electrolytes may reveal hypocalcaema
Subjective data
Recurrent episodes of pain
Severe acute attackd
Weight loss
Jaundice
Vomiting and low-grade fever
Health education
Dietary changes
Avoid alcohol
Maintain a healthy weight
Stop smoking
Pancreatic cysts
Defination
Are sac-like pockets of fluid on or within your pancreas
Causes
Cancerous cysts can be caused by genetic mutation
Occasionally it may result from chronic pancreatitis and trauma
Risk factors
Heavy alcohol use
Abdominal injury
Gallstones
Pathophysiology
The local accumulation of fluid that eventually gets walled off by fibrous tissue forming a cyst lead by inflammation, vascular dilation and increased of permeability
The increased size of cyst cause pressure symptoms such as pain
Due to their growth in size,the pancreatic cyst may displace adjacent structures such as the stomach
Assessment and common findings
Subjective data
History of acute pancreatitis
Nausa
Vomiting
Pain
Objective data
Diagnosis is usually confirmed about ultra sound and ERCP
Health education
Avoid using alcohol
Avoid smoking
Nursing management
Assist patient to a comfortable position
Provide frequent oral hygiene and care
Reduce pains