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Condition of the lips, mouth, teeth, gums and salivary glands (Conditions…

- - - - Clear vesicles located at the mucocutaneuos junction of lips and face.
    - - Herpes simplex virus
      - Exposure to sunlight
      - Upper respiratory infections
      - Food allergies
      - Emotional tension
      - Opportunistic infection
    - - Occur as vesicles
      - Can be singled or clustered
      - Extreme pain
    - - Apply ointments
      - Give anaesthetics to soothe the lips
      - Advise the patient not to break the vesicles , avoid irritating foods and use protective ointment with sunblock
  - - - A highly contagious primary lesion of syphilis
    - - Treponema pallidum
    - - Red lesion and circumscribed
      - Lesion ulcerate and form a crust
    - - Use comfort measures
      - Education about contagious nature of the condition
  - - - Premalignant squamous cell skin cancer
      - Causes
        
        Exposure to the sun
        
        Ultraviolet raise
    - - Common in light or fair skinned people
      - Appears as lip irritation
      - Fissures occur with hyperkeratosis
    - - Apply radiation after surgical excision
      - Advise patient to use sun screen and lotions
  - - - Allergic reaction on the lips
    - - Allergic reaction to cosmetics or tooth paste
    - - Occurs as red area on the mouth
      - Appear as an itchy rash
    - - Identify the cause
      - Administer corticosteroids according to prescription
  - - - A lip lesion that is painless and indurated
    - - Over exposure to the sun
      - constant irritation
        
        smoking pipe
      - Immunosupression
      - Syphillis
    - - painless indurated ulcer
    - - surgical removal of the ulcer
        
        Conditions pf the salivary glands
        
        Parotitis
        
        defination
        
        Inflammation of one or both parotid gland
        
        Causes
        
        viral infection
        
        mumps
        
        Decrease flow of saliva
        
        Clinical manifestations
        
        Redness, swelling and tenderness over the gland
        
        Increase salivation
        
        Overlying skin swells and become red and shiny
        
        Presence of pus in bacterial infection
        
        Mnagement
        
        Massage the gland
        
        Maintain oral hygiene
        
        Adequate nutrition
        
        Antibiotics
        
        surgical drainage for surgical parotitits
        
        surgical removal of damaged infected gland
        
        Calculi
        
        Defination
        
        Formation of stones in the salivary glands due to inactivity of the gland.
        
        causes
        
        calcium phosphate
        
        clinical manifestations
        
        Colicky pain
        
        swollen gland
        
        Tender and painful
        
        Palpable stone
        
        Mnagement
        
        Surgical removal of the stone
        
        neoplasms
        
        definition
        
        a new and abnormal growth of tissue in the parotid gland
        
        causes
        
        prior expose to radiation
        
        management
        
        surgical excision of both benign and malignant tumour
        
        chemotherapy
        
        radiography if tumour is malignant or recur
        
        clinical manifestiication
        
        pain
      - cosmetic surgery
- - - - inflammation of the oral cavity involving the gums, angles of the mouth and lips
    - - mechanical trauma such as jagged teeth, cheek biting and mouth breathing
    - - pain and discomfort
      - loose teeth
      - halitosis
      - cracking at the mouth corners
    - - ensure an intake of vitamins
      - avoid aetiological factors
      - good oral hygiene
  - - - red stomatitis that becomes covered with thick creamy white mucous membrane
    - - chronic irritation
        
        tobacco
      - use of antibiotics which destroys the normal flora of the mourh
    - - sore mouth
      - mucous membrane red and tender
      - excessive salivation
      - herpes simplex
    - - good oral hygiene
      - proper use of prescribed antibiotics
      - stop the use of tobacco
      - biospy
- - - - Diseases of the tissues that attach and support the teeth, gums, periodontal membrane and alveolar bone
    - - Untreated gingivitis
      - Poor dental hygiene
      - vitamins B and C deficiences
    - - Infections of the gums with bleeding
      - Recession of the gums
      - loose teeth
      - tooth loss
    - - proper oral hygiene
      - regularly visits to the dentist
  - - - inflammation of the gums
    - - Poor hygiene
      - Soft diet
      - missing or irregular teeth
    - - Swollen, inflamed painful gums
      - Bleeding during tooth brushing
      - Pus develop and teeth become loose
      - Alteration in the colour of gingival trough
    - - removal of devitalised tissues
      - Analgesia
      - Peroxide
      - mouth wash
      - Avoid spicy food
      - Avoid smoking and alcoholic drinks
      - Follow good hygiene
      - plenty of vitamin B and C
- - - - transparent colourless mass that adheres the teeth, consist of proliferating bacteria with leukocyte, macrophages and epithelial cells in a sticky polysaccharide protein matrix
    - - poor dental hygiene
    - - teeth covered by plaque
      - halitosis
    - - good oral hygiene
      - refer to the dentist to reduce sticky adherent mass between teeth
  - - - decalcification of the mineral components and dissolution of the organic matrix of the teeth
    - - lactobacilli and streptococcus mutants
      - infection of the pulp if the decay progresses
    - - formation of cavities
      - plaque builds up over the teeth and adheres to teeth
      - outer enamel of teeth and dentine is destroyed by acid
      - pulpitis occurs with abscess formation
      - pain, facial oedema, tiredness and pyrexia.
    - - use of fluoride
      - taking low carbohydrate diet
      - oral care
      - refer to dentist for further management