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INDIA NEPAL (INDIA-CHINA-NEPAL TRIANGLE (Way forward (• There is a set…

- - - - • Nepal’s developmental needs are immense and needed meaningful and mutually beneficial economic partnership with both its neighbours India and China which are rising in global and regional stature.
      - • U.S. administration has started global trade restrictive policies which may have adverse impact for developing and emerging economies. This kind of platform will help mitigate the impact of such policies on countries like India and China.
      - • Nepal can move from the state of a land-locked to a land-linked country through the development of adequate cross-border connectivity and can serve as a bridge between two arch rivals.
      - • China and Nepal have proposed developing a multidimensional trans-Himalayan connectivity network. Bringing India on board is essential for success of such projects related to regional connectivity
    - - • Chinese economic, military, and strategic engagement in Nepal is sharply increasing with new areas of cooperation, making India uncomfortable. India views Nepal as its traditional sphere of influence. Also Nepal has been trying to change the old pattern of a heavy economic dependence on India.
      - • Nepal has extended support to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which India has opposed staunchly.
      - • Nepal-China Cross Border Railway line stretching from Keyrong to Kathmandu and from Kathmandu to Pokhara and Lumbini, close to the Nepal-India border, would affect India’s security interests.
  - - - has given go ahead to controversial hydro electric project: buddh kandak project
      - $ 8 billion ivestment in nepal bri
      - he said he will review nepali getting reruited to indian army
      - recntly after 24 years pakistan's foreign minister visited nepal : possible confluence of russia- pakistan and nepal given nepal adherance to bri
    - - has leverage over china in nepal due to : geography
        people to people contact
        china' model of investment is neo imperialist
      - china factor
        
        Prashant Jha (Hindustan Times) - About China card - the China card is successful as long as it is not played. As soon as it is played, its hollowness and limits are exposed. China can never be a substitute to India and even Chinese know it.
        
        Bharat Bhushan - China cannot substitute India as a trade partner of Nepal. Nepal cannot fight and win a war against geography.
  - - - political
        
        to seek legitimacy for bri
        
        encirclement policy of china
      - not economic
        
        as china will not ready for india's openess into tibet
        
        already india china trade is $ 85 dollar mark and easily moves through land
        
        geographical barrier ad trade defict ith nepal makes its unviable
        
        cpec already there
    - - it may reduce significance of nepal as a buffer state and turn it into a client state or econommic colony of china like pakistan
      - incec wiil further deteriote india china trade deficit
        
        which may be equivalennt on european seanario in 16th century where opening of sea route lead to colonization of asia and africa
        
        this to be written as criticism of bri
      - way forward for india
        
        china through incec soughts to establish economic hegemony on south asia india must oppose it
        
        if it all china wants india's support than incec shuld be icnce through nathu la which will be more feasible
        secondly china must change cpec to icpec
        
        this will create interdependency on b/w china and india
      - hurt domestic india's economy and make in india program
      - it will threaten india security as chinesse now may directed connected
- - - - Installed capacity - 800 MW
      - Potential - 83000 MW of which 40000 MW is technically feasible
      - Three Indian projects are languishing for 30 years -
        
        Saptakoshi (5000 MW),
        Karnali-Chisapani (11000 MW)
        and Pancheshwar (6500 MW)
- - - - Review the Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship, 1950. So that Nepal's political leaders stop using it as a card against India.
      - Modi govt should expedite the completion of pending projects.
    - - An open border,
        free movement, to work freely without work permit
        intimate familial linkages,
        a mutually convertible currency,
        a treaty that permits millions of Nepali citizens to live and work freely in India,
        besides thousands of gorkhas who fight under Indian flag --
        all these does not permit India the privilege of being indifferent to events across the border
        • to apply for government jobs and the civil services (except for the IFS, IAS, and IPS)
        India had waived its rights under reciprocity as as sign of goodwil
    - - • The Treaty belongs to a bygone era: Monarchy of Nepal sought friendship with India in order to preventIndia from supporting democracy movement in its country. Also, threat from China in context of Tibet’s annexation justified India’s overreach. However, neither monarchy remains nor threat from China.
      - • Need for Equal Relationship: Some sections in Nepal complaint that India has not been treating Nepal as anequal as evident in the blockade in the border areas in 2015 as well as what is perceived as meddling in domestic politics by supporting groups such as the Madhesis.
      - • Sovereignty argument: Many have argued that Treaty prevents Nepal to independently pursue its strategic and economic interests with countries especially China.
  - - - As long as the people of Nepal perceive the outcomes of the special relationship to be unfair, it will be difficult to secure their cooperation. There is a critical need for India to shape perceptions in Nepal.
      - so india needs to earn public trust of nepali(expediated development with participation of nepali people ) and increase people for long term relations
- - - - it failed to do so in four years because of frequent changes of government and lack of consensus