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NUCLEAR TREATIES (CTBT: (SHOULD INDIA SIGN ? YES (BECOZ INDIA TOO NOW CAN…
NUCLEAR TREATIES
CTBT:
TO CHECK THE VERTICAL PROLIFERATION
PTBT:
IT BANNED NUKE TESTING ON ATMOSPHERE AND IN WATER.. MORE OF A ENVIRONMENTAL TREATY NOT A NUCLEAR TREATY
CTBT BANS NUKE TESTING UNDER GROUND ALSO
NOT SIGNED BY INDIA, USA , RUSSIA, CHINA ETC
INDIA'S STAND
ARUNDHATI GHOSH: INDIA'S REPRESENTATIVE IN CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT ON CTBT
HELD THAT INDIA WILL NOT SIGN NEITHER NOW NOR EVER
BECOZ CTBT IS NEITHER COMPREHENSIVE NOR TEST BAN... BECOZ
P5 COUNTRIES HAVE ABILITY OR COMPUTER STIMULATED TEST.. THEY DON'T NEED TESTING
INDIA ALSO OBJECTS ENTRY INTO FORCE CLAUSE: 48 NUKE CAPABLE STATE RATIFIES IT
SHOULD INDIA SIGN ?
YES
BECOZ INDIA TOO NOW CAN DO STIMULATED TESTING
UNDER CIVIL NUCLEAR DEAL IF INDIA CONDUCTS NUKE TESTING THAN USA AND JAPAN BOTH HAVE RIGHT TO WITHDRAW
ALSO UNDER INDIA NUKE DOCTRINE: INDIA HAS GONE FOR SELF PLACED MORATORIUM ON NUKE TESTING
India not joining CTBT gives an impression that India does not possess credible nuclear deterrence.
To negotiate India's entry into the global nuclear order;
To revive India's long-forgotten tradition of campaigning for global nuclear disarmament.
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons -
adopted on 7th July 2017
Article 1(d) - prohibits the use of nuclear weapons.
Article 1 of the Treaty prohibits States Parties from developing, stockpiling, using, threatening to use,acquiring, transferring, and stationing nuclear weapons. The prohibitions also extend to any form of assistance for these prohibited acts
U.S., Russia, Britain, China, France, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel did not participate in negotiations
India's objections -
It does not address need for a comprehensive instrument on nuclear disarmament
India recognizes Geneva based Conference on Disarmament as the single multilateral disarmament negotiation forum
India supports a comprehensive nuclear weapons convention under the aegis of CoD
However, the treaty is slient on how to address the realities of international security environment.
over 120 countries voted to adopt the first ever global treaty to ban nuclear weapons
NPT::
IT IS IN US INTEREST THAT NOT MANY STATES ACQUIRE NUKES: SO US PROPOSED : NPT AND CTBT
INDIA OPPOSED NPT:
STATES NOT JOINED NPT: INDIA, PAKISTAN , NORTH KOREA, ISRAEL, SOUTH SUDAN
ALSO BY 1995 NPT REVIEW CONFERENCE : DISARMAMENT SEGMENT TO TREATY EXTENDED INDEFINATELY
ON ACCOUNT IT IS DISCRIMINATORY: B/W NUCLEAR WEAPON STATE AND NON-NUCLEAR WEAPON STATE
COUNTRIES ACQUIRING NUKE BEFORE 1968: NUCLEAR WEAPON STATE
INDIA'S ARGUMENT:
INDIA TO READY TO SIGN NPT BUT ONLY AS A NUCLEAR- WEAPON STATE
BUT THIS NOT FEASIBLE AS ALL STATE WOULD WANT THAT .. SO THEY WILL COME OUT OF TREATY
WAY OUT:
INDIA COME UNDER OBLIGATION(
OBLIGATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPON STATE NOT OF NON-NUKE
) OF NPT THROUGH CIVIL NUCLEAR
\(AGREEMENT\)
INDIA'S OBLIGATION: ACC. TO ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL:
INDIA TO SEPARATE CIVILIAN AND MILITARY FACILITY
NPT will never allow India as NWS and India won't join NPT as non-NWS considering its security situation. Presently, India is a de facto NWS. This status was implied with Indo-US Civil Nuclear Agreement.
IT ONLY CHECK HORIZONTAL PROLIFERATION BUT DIDN'T CHECK VERTICAL PROLIFERATION
NPT IS A : ARMS CONTROL + DISARMAMENT TREATY+ CIVIL NUCLEAR COOPERATION TREATY
GENERAL CRITICISM OF NPT
ACC. TO DISARMAMENT LOBBY
THERE SHOULD BE NO NUCLEAR COMMERCE ALSO
BECOZ NUKE TECH IS DUAL USE
WHETHER IRAN, NORTH KOREA AN EVEN INDIA TRIED TO DEVELOP NUKE ON BASIS OF CIVIL NUCLEAR AGREEMENT
FMCT: FISSILE MATERIAL CUTOFF TREATY
CONSIDERED AS REAL DISARMAMENT TREATY
AS IT PUTS BAN ON PRODUCTION OF FISSILE MATERIAL(WEAPON GRADE MATERIAL)
NEGOTIATION FOR TREATY STARTED IN 1950'S
DEADLOCK:
BECOZ TREATY TO BE CONCLUDED UNDER SHANNON MANDATE(TREATY TO ACCEPTED BY CONSENSUS)
PAKISTAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DEADLOCK
PAKISTAN'S POSITION:
PAKISTAN SUGGEST TO DESTROY EXISTING FISSILE MATERIAL
THIS IS COUNTERED BY US AND INDIA
WHICH ADVOCATE ONLY FUTURE PRODUCTION TO BE HALTED
BECOZ OF THIS FMCT HAS TURNED INTO: FISSILE MATERIAL PROMOTION TREATY:
AS PAKISTAN ACCQUIRING FISSILE MATERIAL VERY FAST TO GET IN PARITY WITH INDIA..