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india - central asia (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation - (Benefits to…

- - - - India was getting marginalised in Afghanistan despite spending $2 billion in aid. SCO gives us a channel to reclaim our strategic space in Afghanistan.
      - Geopolitically, we cannot underestimate the rise of Eurasia. Russia and China have been coming closer. Russia and China wants Europe (mainly Germany) to be a part of this rise of Eurasia (right from Korea to Europe). India is slowly getting embedded into this. This is a paradigm move.
- - - - Uzbekistan,
      - Kyrgyzstan,
        
        Kyrgyzstan supports India on Kashmir; Khanjar - joint exercise with Kyrgyzstan
      - Tajikistan
        
        In Tajikistan, India has Ayni Airbase, huge oil reources
      - Turkmenistan.
        
        Turkmenistan - TAPI, for fertilizers etc.
      - kazakastan
        
        India-Kazakhstan Civil Nuclear Pact - 2009
      - India is a member of Conference on Interaction and CBMs in Asia (CICA)
      - Modi visited all 5 CARs in 2015
    - - Reconstruction in Afghanistan;
      - Geographically, the strategic location of these countries makes them a bridge between different regions of Asia and between Europe and Asia.
      - Central Asia is neighboring ‘Golden Crescent’ of opium production (Iran-Pak-Afghan) and is also a victim of terrorism, illegal arms trade. India is also not new to these problems on its western front. Collaboration and cooperation with Central Asia in this regard benefits the entire region.
        
        •
      - To counter terrorism and radicalization: keeping a check on the rise of radical Islamist groups that may pose a threat to India’s security.
        
        The recently released National Security Strategy of the United States (US) highlights the importance of the CARs in US’s counter-terrorism efforts
    - - Energy security - hydroelectricity, uranium and oil and gas
      - Large cultivable tracts of land and fertilizer from Turkmenistan;
      - Instability and chaos in the region carries the risk of domino effect.
      - o The economic development of Central Asia, especially in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, has sparked a construction boom and development of sectors like IT, pharmaceuticals and tourism. o India has expertise in these sectors and deeper cooperation will give a fresh impetus to trade relations with these countries.
  - - - India-CARs Trade - $ 2 billion; China's - $ 50 billion
- - - - 1992 - PM Narasimha Rao announced Look North Policy
        
        2012 - Connect Central Asia Policy - 4Cs
        
        Commerce,
        Connectivity,
        Consular and
        Community
        
        Strengthen strategic and security cooperation, developing co-operation in education, tele-medicine, e-network
        
        Re-energise India's participation in multilateral fora like SCO, EEU, Heart of Asia Conference
        
        India is negotiating FTA with Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) that includes - Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan
        
        india became permanent member of sco
        
        key player in stabalising afganistan , also heart of asia confrence 2016 held in amritsar
      - India and the region of Central Asia have very long historical, cultural and economic connections. The famous Silk Route not only connected the people and businesses, butalso let the thoughts, culture and beliefs flow freely from one region to the other.
      - • Traditionally, Central Asia has been an arena of ‘’great game’’. The modern version is being played out even today. Russia, China, US, Turkey, Iran, Europe, EU, Japan, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan have substantial security and economic stakes in the region.
      - • India was among the first countries to recognize the five Central Asian states and established diplomatic relations with them. India now considers the Central Asian countries as part of its 'extended and strategic neighbourhood".