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INDIA - AFRICA (Challenges in India-Africa Cooperation - (Security…

- - - - Increasing terrorism in North African countries
  - - - it is said india promises and china delivers
        india needs to act like soft power with respect to africa
- - - - India Africa relations (economic & cultural) date back to pre-colonial era and were strengthened during the national independence movement and independence of India’s consistent support to anti-colonial and anti-racist liberation
      - However, after a few decades of aloofness, in 2000s, the ties between the continent and India remerged in importance
      - In the current phase, India is becoming an increasingly important economic partner for African countries. Its realtions with Africa can be traced to a strong, shared history based on the principles of South–South cooperation, people-to-people linkages
        and common development challenges
  - - - China's trade with Africa - $220 billion in 2014-15
    - - Rate of urbanisation in Africa is higher than in India;
- - - - Pelindaba Treaty (2009) - it prevents nuclear proliferation in Africa and stops African countries from supplying U to other countries.
- - - - Kanwal Sibal says following the advantages -
        
        We don't have any record of colonial exploitation. When EU interacts with Africa, there are historical strains;
        
        We are not involved in supporting that side or this side in the internal struggles of the nations;
        
        We are not staging any military operation against any African country, rather we are heavily involved in the peacekeeping operations under the hat of UN;
        
        US has a very weak policy of government aid and govt systems, they all leave it to the private sector whereas Indian govt is actively involved which gives a positive meaning to the engagement;
        
        Though China is a new comer like India, but many Africans feel that Chinese pattern is colonial in character;
        
        African countries are interested in balancing China and thus they want to benefit from India's rise;
    - - Shiv Shankar Mukherjee - African continent has not been on the periphery of India's FP, but the engagements have been sporadic. There has not been consistent sustained efforts backed by human and material resources, as can be seen in the fact that out of 54 countries, India has diplomatic relations with just 29 countries and that too are short staffed
      - Harsh V Pant - It has been a failure of Indian diplomacy that a continent with which India enjoyed substantive ties ever since independence now no longer views India as a priority nation and often complains of indifference on the part of New Delhi.
      - pm modi said africa is priorty for india
        and he visited 23 african antins in last 2 years and signed strategic partnership with rwanda
    - - Kanwal Sibal - India can club some of the similar countries, as done in case of our e-network, so that you can get a larger scale to bring in more investments and benefits. India needs to follow a cluster based approach.
      - There is a saying that - "India promises and China delivers". Our implementation and delivery have been flawed. We are not able to deliver the Line of Credit promised at Addis Ababa Summit in 2011.
    - - improving political environment;
      - rapidly growing population with demographic dividend;
      - growing urbanisation; and
      - a better-educated and skilled workforce.