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INDIA -CHINA ISSUES (India - China Land Boundary dispute - (DISPUTE…

- - - - For the first time, China officially acknowledged to resolve border dispute. Agreed to setup a joint working group.
    - - Because of this agreement LAC is a peaceful border in contrast to LOC
    - - China recognises Sikkim as Indian territory
      - Special Representative talks started
      - Delineation and demarcation on the ground
    - - main thrust - to prevent border incursions along the LAC.
    - - Opinion of population settled in disputed region to be considered
      - Any solution has to be fair, reasonable and on equal footing
- - - - China-Mongolia-Russia corridor connected by Trans-Siberian railway
      - Eurasian Land Bridge connecting Central China to Europe via Kazakhstan-Russia-Belarus
      - China-Central Asia-West Asia corridor connecting Iran, Turkey and Europe
      - BCIM
        
        win- win strategy for india and china
        
        india gets easy access to north east which till now resyricted to northest
        
        development of north east, easing of problems of insurgency and extremism as well as golden triangle
        
        it will be in sync with india act east policy and china's obor will gain more legitimacy and market in india
        
        bcim will create economic dependency of china over india so india can take leverage of this in border dispute
        
        it will secure china's mallaca dilemma
        
        bcim combined with imt will give india access to southeast asia thus it will be a next step in indo pacifice ecomic corridor
      - China Pakistan Economic Corridor
      - Maritime Silk Road
  - - - promote port construction and establishing free trade zones in countries of SE Asia, South Asia, West Asia and even Africa
    - - Road to China's status of super power
      - Domestic - to address Chinese ailing economy
      - will increase China's influence in Asia-Pacific region
      - To build China's soft power
      - Encircling of India
      - To offset USA's Asia Rebalance
      - To reduce China's dependence of maritime trade passing through choke points - Malacca dilemma
  - - - It offset India's advantages in Indian ocean as it ends China's Malacca dilemma.
        
        and starts india's gwadar dilemma
      - india's neighbours will be keen to jon bri on account tof huge investment offers from china
        
        but china's bri is being comared ith great game that britain pl
        ayed in 19th cetury and sovient union in 20th century:
        neo imperalism
        
        china also launched china-south asia forum which is viewed as chineese saarc
        
        especiall pakistan
        
        india's effort to isolate pakistan will be nullified
        which will reduce pakistan's dominance on south asia
        
        investment in cpec will make pakistan next asian tiger
        
        and make china as protector of pakistan
      - china ceation on infrastructure and leveraged in i e of war with india
    - - pakistan already passed gilgit baltistan order : to declare GB region as its fifth province
    - - Ravi Bootha Lingam - Impact on India - India is caught between sense and sensibility.
        
        Sensibility - India needs to be sensible about growing influence of China and could have looked at long term aspect of relations, mutual partnership.
        
        Sense - implies implications for India's national security.
      - Shyam Saran - He is in favour of India joining the BRI. India neither has the resources nor the political and economic weight to put in place competitive and alternative connectivity networks on a global scale. Therefore, for the time being, it may be worthwhile to carefully evaluate those components of the BRI which may, in effect, improve India’s own connectivity to major markets and resource supplies and become participants in them just as we have chosen to do with the AIIB and the NDB.
        
        bri project will integrate south asia
        
        india too need huge funds for infrastructure funding
        
        project create economic interdependence of india on china reduced scope of war
        
        bri will reduce terrorism coming from pakistan
      - P.S. Raghavan (Former Ambassador) - India should seek to address its concerns with China. It should ask China to declare CPEC AS ICEC OR ICPEC
      - IF CHINA DOESN'T ADDRESS INDIA COCERN REGARDING SOVERIGNIY THAN
        Conclusion - Joining the China led BRI project would make India recognize POK as de facto territory of Pakistan (CPEC being BRI's part). Thus, India should refrain from joining it. India should partnership with other like minded countries like Japan and should focus on completing its started project so as to build legitimacy in completion of projects.
      - Project Mausam: INDIA'S COUNTER TO BRI
        
        Maritime Spice Route
        
        Shyam Saran -
        
        He is critical of these projects. Instead of spreading our limited resources thinly over these projects, it may be more prudent to focus on limited but strategically key routes and ports along our adjacent seas and islands to safeguard our most important equities.
        
        What is important to note is that in this 21st century strategy, security and economics go together. Creating a dense web of economic and trade relations itself becomes an assurance of security.
        
        First priority should be developing our own AN Islands as a modern transport and shipping hub for the BoB Basin and then Chahbahar port,
        Trincomalee port,
        Mekong-Ganga Corridor and the
        Kaladan Multi-Modal Trade Transit Project (KMTTP) corridor in Myanmar.
- - - - Busiest SLOC - traffic is 3 times more than which passes through Suez canal and 5 times of Panama canal.
      - Around half a billion people live within 100 miles of SCS and depends on trade, job and food.
      - Huge hydrocarbons are stored beneath SCS
      - Strategic significance - surrounded by major powers like India, China and Vietnam and also US as a resident power.
      - It is a litmus test for China's rise to the status of superpower.
      - Robert D Kaplan - SCS is at the heart of political challenges in coming decades of Asia. It will determine who will be the future hegemon - US or China?
      - Global trade - annually USD 5 trillion worth of shipments pass through it
    - - claiming spartly , parcley senakaku island scarborough island as its maritime terriotry which is contested by other littoraal states also in the region
        
        pca ruled that china's claim of scs has no legal basis. but china didn't accept the ruling
        
        china's take on scs gives validity to usa's pivot to asia policy
        
        this prompt asean to see india as balancer .. while india is looking east now asean look at india
        
        shows china's expansionist tendencies and rise at stature of global power where it denies global norms openly
        
        but china must realise sucess of maritime silk rte and rcep - here asean will play a crucial role
    - - though india is not a direct party to scs dispute
        but resolution of scs is as much important for inia as for other pacific country
        
        india has commercial interest in the region.
        
        55% of india trade flows through scs
        
        vietnm has offered india 7 oil blocks
        
        asean view india as balancer against china
        
        china's presence in indian ocean is increasing : string of pearls, bri
        
        as a counter measure india must increase it presence in china's neighbourhood
        
        chna's grab to india's terriotry is based on historic cultural claims
        
        similar claims it makes on scs
        
        so success of china on scs will embolden china on border dispute with india
        
        CHINA IS BUILDING OWN VERSION OF UNCLOS IN SCS
        BUILDING ARTIFICAL ISLAND EXTEDING EEZ FOR OBOR
        
        AND AS US HAS NOT RATIFIED HE UNCLOS SO US IS NOT ON A POSITION TO COUNTER CHINA ON THAT ACCOUNT
        
        THIS LEAVES INDIA TO COUNTER CHINA SO TO STOPCHINA FROM PROMOTING SIMLAR IN INDIAN OCEAN
        
        CHINA IS BUILDING GREAT WALL CHINA IN SEA
        
        CHINA TAKE ON SCS HAVE DERAILED ASEAN CONSENSUS