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Chapter 14: Extraoral / Intraoral Examination and Dental Eval (dental…

- - - - detected clinically by visual inspection and/or use of blunt ended instrument
- - - - found most often on incisal /occlusal surfaces of teeth
- - - - Extrinsic stains
        
        yellow stain -associated with the color of the underlying biofilm
        Brown /black stain - associated with coffee or tea drinkers and who do not brush enough to remove tannin
        
        smoking can produce a stain that is light -dark brown and leathery
        
        mostly located on lingual surfaces but can be in puts and fissures as well. Can be so severe that it will incorporate in the irregular surfaces of the enamel and exposed dentin
        
        black line stain is associated with the gram positive rod of Actinomyces , not associated with poor oral hygiene
        
        Green stain comes from chromogenic bacteria and fungi, decomposed blood, and some inorganic elements , common in children
  - - - intrinsic stains
        
        nonmetal tooth, dentin exposure, fluorosis , and tetracycline ingestion
        
        Extrinsic stains can become intrinsic if they are incorporated into the enamel and dentin as in amalgam leakage or tobacco stain embedded into enamel surface