Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Operant Conditioning (Operant Vs. Classical (Type of Behaviour (Operant…
Operant Conditioning
Operant Vs. Classical
Type of Behaviour
Operant
Volunteered
Press a lever
Classical
Involuntary
Salivation
Learning Occurs
Operant
Reinforcer
Food
Punisher
Shock
Classical
Two Stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Bell
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Food
Sequence of Events
Operant
Volunteered action triggers reward
Press lever delivers food
Classical
CS triggers CR
Bell triggers Salivation
Generalisation & Discrimination
Generalisation
Operatant
dog taught to sit by owner
Learn to Sit for another human
Discrimination
Operant
learn to take bus
Learn which number of bus to take home
Stimulus Control
police car present
Control Driver Behaviour
Escape & Avoidance Conditioning
Escape
Terminate adverse stimulus
jumper to stop cold
Avoidance
avoid adverse stimulus
dress warm to avoid cold
Two factor theory of avoidance learning
both Classical & Operant involved in avoidance learning
Mowrer 1947
Rescorla & Solomon 1967
Rat
Fear
Shock
Light
WHO?
THORNDIKE
1898
Law of Effect
Stratifying Consequence
More Likely to Occur
Annoying Consequence
Less likely to occur
SKINNER
1938-53
Skinner Box
Termed - Operant Behaviour
Reinforcement
strengthening a response
Reinforcer
increasing frequency of response
Punishment
weakening a response
Punisher
consequence that weakens response
2 Parts
Discriminative Stimulus
Light outside Skinner Box
Consequences
Light on -> deliver food
Light off -> No food
Behaviour
Reinforcement
Positive
Response Occurs
Stimulus presented
Response increases
Rat presses level
Food Delivered
Increase pressing level
Negative
Response Occurs
Adverse Stimulus removed
Response increases
Take Aspirin
Headache goes away
Increase Aspirin intake
Punishment
Positive
Response Occurs
Adverse Stimulus presented
Response Decreases
Siblings fight
Parents Shout
Fighting decreases
Negative
Response Occurs
Stimulus removed
Response Decreases
Siblings fight
Toy removed
Fighting decreases
Shaping & Chaining
Shaping
involves reinforcing successive response
rewards small steps towards goal
decide end goal
Chaining
develop a sequence of responses
Rat
Light
Lever
Bell
Food
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous Reinforment
Every lever press results in food
Partial Reinforcement
Schedule of lever press results in food
Ratio Schedule
certain % reinforced
Example 50%
Interval Schedule
Certain time lapsed before reinforcement
Food release only after 1 min
Interval 1 min
regardless if lever pressed
Fixed Schedule
reinforce after set schedule
food release after 10 press
food release after next 10 presses
Variable Schedule
Random reinforce ratio
similar to gambling
payout on avg not set schedule