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AIR POLLUTION (ACID RAIN (ACID PRECIPITATION ( acid rain, acid hail, acid…
AIR POLLUTION
ACID RAIN
ACID PRECIPITATION ( acid rain, acid hail, acid mist)
ACIDITY VS ALKALINITY are measured on a pH scale (pH1 is extremely acid, pH7 is neutral )
pH 5.6 - normal rainfall , pH 4 - acid rain
in Scandinavia where soils tend to be naturally acidic, the effects of AR are devastating
When lakes become too acidic, toxic metals (aluminium, lead) dissolve in water
ALUMINIUM can kill fish and it has been linked to Alzheimer's disease, causes serious brain damage in the elderly
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GASES
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OZONE
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IT EASILY LOSES ITS EXTRA OZYGEN ATOM, WHICH JOINS WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES CAUSING CHEMICAL CHANGES TO TAKE PLACE
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REACTION = NITROGEN OXIDE + HYDROCARBONS in strong sunlight, in still conditions
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HARM
AT LOW LEVELS - IRRITATE THE THROAT AND LUNGS, CAUSING CHOKING, COUGHING, PARTICULARY IN THOSE TAKING VIGOROUS EXERCISE
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NITROGEN OXIDES
MOTOR VEHICLES = THE MAIN SOURCE , contributing 45 % of the total
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AGGRAVATE BRONCHITIS AND CHEST INFECTIONS , CAUSE ACUTE PROBLEMS FOR ASTHMA SUFFERERS
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SULPHUR DIOXIDE
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MAIN SOURCE = COAL-FIRED POWER STATIONS , POUR OUT 71 PER CENT of total OUTPUT
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SOURCES
TRANSPORT
EXHAUST FUMES contain a mixture of different gases, some of them are highly poisonous and toxic (GAS, CARBON MONOXIDE
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SMOG = SMOKE + FOG, VALUABLE high up in the stratosphere, HARMFUL when occurs near the ground
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ELECTRICITY GENERATION
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THE COMBUSTION OF COAL, OIL ACCOUNTS FOR MUCH OF THE AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS
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INDUSTRY
THE TALL SMOKESTACKS USED BY INDUSTRIES AND UTILITIES DO NOT REMOVVE POLLUTANTS BUT SIMPLY BOOST THEM HIGHER INTO THE ATMOSPHERE
THEREBY, THEY ARE REDUCING THEIR CONCENTRATION AT THE SITE
THESE POLLUTANTS MAY THEN BE TRANSPORTED OVER LARGE DISTANCES AND PRODUCE ADVERSE EFFECTS FAR FROM THE SITE OF ORIGINAL EMISSION
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