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MENINGITIS (PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria…
MENINGITIS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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Cerebral oedema and increased ICP can become a problem due to swelling around the dura and increased CSF volume
VIRAL
Viral meningitis is again inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord, this is a most common type caused by viruses such as echoviruses and, coxsackie viruses
Versus usually enters the body through GI or respiratory route, and after local multiplying may enter the bloodstream
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COMPLICATIONS
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Residual neurological dysfunction involving many cranial nerves. Dysfunction usually disappears within a few weeks, however, hearing loss may be permanent
Hemiparesis (muscle weakness), dysphasia (generation of speech) and hemianopsia (half blind) may occur - should resolve over time.
If they don't, cerebral abscess, subdural empyema, subdural effusion or persistent meningitis is suspected
COMPLICATIONS
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Extreme complications are rare, although, more common in the immunocompromised - could suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic muscle weakness and ataxia (loss of control over bodily movement)
TREATMENT
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Fluid replacement, antibiotic therapy
ENCEPHALITIS
This is an acute inflammation of the brain, which is a serious condition and sometimes fatal disease.
It is believed to be caused by many different viruses, some of which are associated with certain seasons of the year and endemic to certain geographical areas.
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TREATMENT
Rapid diagnosis, cultures, bloods antibiotic therapy, fluid replacement.
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The virus enters the CNS through various mechanisms. They then replicate outside the CNS and can pass directly across the blood brain barrier and into the CSF space leading to the inflammatory response.
May also spread via inflammatory leukocytes through tissue, neurones and gial cells.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness) are key signs of meningitis
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Manifests slower than bacterial, an onset of a headache, fever, photophobia, vomiting, neck stiffness, and, malaise.