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Structure of Woody Plants (Vascular Cambium (Initiation of the Vascular…
Structure of Woody Plants
Anomalous Forms of Growth
Anomalous Secondary growth
Alternative cambia produce secondary bodies that differ from the common type
numerous vascular cambia arise around individual vessels or group of vessels. and then the process is repeated. Having multiple cambia functioning speeds the production of storage capacity
Outer Bark
Lenticels and Oxygen Diffusion
rounded cells cant fit tightly together so intercellular spaces penetrate the cork layer creating a diffusion pathway for oxygen.
Initiation of Cork Cambia
The first cork cambium may arise in a number of tissues: epidermis, cortex, primary phloem, or secondary phloem
It can emerge within the first year of the plants life or emerge years down the road.
Cork and the Cork Cambium
as circumferential stretching increases older sieve elements die and some storage parenchyma cells become reactivated and undergo cell division it results in the cork cambium
Vascular Cambium
Fusiform Initials
wood never forms to the exterior of the vascular cambium, and bark never forms to the interior side.
regardless of which cell differentiates, on always remains as a cambium
Ray Initials
similar to fusiform except short and more or less cuboidal.
produces storage and albuminous cells
Initiation of the Vascular Cambium
The vascular cambium is one of the meristems that produce the secondary plant body
the cells between the metaxylem and metaphloem do not stop dividing and constitute the fascicular cambium.
vascular cambium has only two types of cells. fusiform initials and ray initials
Arrangement of Cambial Cells
ray initials are grouped in short rows of one to many cells wide
fusiform initials may occur in horizontal rows, irregularly, or without any horizontal pattern.
Concepts
additional tissues are produced in the stem and root-vascular cambium and cork cambium.
wood and bark are secondary tissues and constitue the the plants secondary body.
wood and bark accumulation gives plants a greater capacity to move water up ad carbs down
Secondary Phloem
has an axial and radial system
axial is responsible for conduction up and down the stem or root.
Secondary Growth in Roots
root wood is similar to the shoot, having heartwood and sapwood
perennial roots form bark
Secondary Xylem
Growth Rings
an annual ring occurs at the visual effect of early wood and late wood. but if the summer is cold the growth may not occur and not create a ring.
Heartwood & Sapwood
heartwood is the dark wood in the center of a log. it is drier and more fragrant.
sapwood is the lighter moister outer reigion
Types of Wood Cells
all cells developed to the interior of the vascular cambium develop into secondary xylem, known as wood.
fusiform initials derive an axial system
ray initials develop radial systems
strong wood with lots of fibers are hardwoods
woods with few or no fibers are softwoods
Reaction Wood
reaction wood is produced in reaction to lateral stress cause by gravity.