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Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage (200.1) (vmstat ($ vmstat…
Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage (200.1)
Carga de entrada/saída
iostat
%nice
Exibe o percentual de uso da cpu durante a execução no nível de usuário com prioridade modificada
%system
Exibe o percentual de uso da cpu durante a execução no nível de sistema (kernel)
%user
exibe o percentual de uso da cpu durante a execução no nível de usuário(aplicação)
%iowait
Exibe o percentual de tempo em que a cpu estava ociosa aguardando resposta de entrada/saída de disco
Abaixo de CPU
tps
kb_readls e kb_wrtnls
Device
kb_read e kb_wrtn
%idle
Exibe o percentual de tempo em que a cpu estava ociosa e não aguardava por entrada/saída de disco.
%steal
Exibe o percentual de tempo que a cpu virtual estava ociosa devido ao hipervisor estar servindo outra cpu virtual
-d 2
iotop
• pstree, ps
strace
Objectives
• Measure disk I/O
• Measure network I/O
• Measure memory usage
• Measure firewalling and routing throughput
• Measure CPU Usage
• Match / correlate system symptoms with likely problems
• Map client bandwith usage.
• Estimate throughput and identify in a system including networking
w
lsof
top
htop
uptime
sar
swap
• processes blocked on I/O
vmstat
$ vmstat [options] [delay [count]]
buff
free
cache
swpd
si
b
r
bi
so
bo
in
cs
us
sy
id
wa
st
nestat
--interfaces / -i
lists all network interfaces and certain specific properties
--statistics / -s
lists a summary of statistics for each protocol, similar to SNMP output
--groups / -g
lists multicast group membership information for IPv4 and IPv6
--masquarede / -M
lists masqueraded connections on pre-2.4 kernels. On newer kernels, use cat /proc/net/ip_conntrack
instead
--route / -r
the kernel routing tables are shown, output is identical to route -e (note: in order to use route, elevated
privileges might be needed whereas netstat -r can be run with user privileges instead).
ss
$ ss [options] [filter]
The ss command is used to show socket statistics
iptraf
$ iptraf [options]
ps
$ ps [options]
pstree
lsof
$ lsof [options] [names]
lsof - list open files
free
$ free [options
htop
$ htop [options]
The htop command is similar to the top command, but allows you to scroll vertically and horizontally
uptime
$ uptime [options]
shows how long the system has been running, how many users are logged on, the system load averages
sar
$ sar [options] [interval [count] ]
The sar command collects, reports or saves system activity information.
-b
The -b option switch shows output related to I/O and transfer rate statistics :
-d
Using the -d option sar will output disk statistics.
-c
System calls
-p and -w
Paging and swapping activity
-q
Run queue
-r
Free memory and swap over time
monitoring solutions
Cacti
https://www.cacti.net/
Collectd
http://www.collectd.org/
MRTG
https://www.mrtg.com/
Icinga2
https://www.icinga.com/docs
Nagios
https://www.nagios.org/
Identifying bottlenecks in a networking environment requires several steps. A best practice approach could be outlined as follows:
• Create a map of the network
• Identify time-dependent behaviour
• Identify the problem
• Identify deviating behaviour
• Identify the cause