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Paid and Unpaid Work (Unpaid work (conceptual (Margaret Reid's '…

- - - - tasks those can be carried out by another
    - - not including personal activities such as sex, emotional care-taking, childbirth
  - - - in-put related (labor time)
        
        global substitute
        
        opportunity cost
        
        specialized substitue
      - out-put related (goods and services produced)
  - - - a way to understand gender division of labor and the participation of men and women in the paid labor. p 140
    - - challenged neocliassic's shortcomings, and emphasized on the social construction of gender roles and the extent to which it results in the gender discrimination. Brau and Feber, 1986
      - Neoclassics and Marxists not focused on gender and power relations, but it was significant to understand the economic significance of domestic work
    - - important "for the daily maintenance and the reproduction of the labor force"
  - - - Useless effort
        
        fear-based
        
        'perpetuate the dependency of women on men'
      - The importance of Difference
        
        personal and relational aspect that make it qualitatively very different from market work
        
        Himmelweilt
        
        everything doesn't need to be seen as work or nonwork
        
        opposed for
        
        the recognition of their significance of human wellfare
        
        many unpaid activities are not caring while some paid are
        
        besides caring, there are other types of activities
        
        skills learnt through market or nonmarket works are difficult to distinguish
      - Theoretically misguided
- - - - a part of organized work
        
        reliable data in USsince 1987
        
        women more than men
  - - - "these gendered disparities have many dimensions' p.139
        
        monetary contributions (mostly men) to charity are tax-deductible whereas time contributions (women) are not
- - - - but was difficult to distinguish agricultural and family works
        
        due to the extent that women's unpaid agricultural labour is highly integrated with domestic activities (p135)
      - historically, there was a great deal of underreporting (p136), witnessed by ILA in 1977
- - - - usually "illegal activities or at the borderline of illegality" p.136