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Humanism / Motivation (Characteristics (focuses on the human freedom,…
Humanism / Motivation
Characteristics
focuses on the human freedom, dignity, and potential
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the study of the self, motivation, and goals are areas of particular interest
it is necessary to study the person as a whole, especially as an individual grows and develops over the lifespan (similarities to systemic theory??)
contrasts with behaviorist notion of operant conditioning (which argues that all behavior is the result of the application of consequences) and the cognitive psychologist belief that the discovering knowledge or constructing meaning is central to learning
primary purpose of humanism could be described as the development of self-actualised, autonomous people
Affective and cognitive needs are key, and the goal is to develop self-actualized people in a cooperative, supportive environment
learning is student centered and personalised, and the educator’s role is that of a facilitator
Learning theories.
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Experiential learning
A four-stage cyclical theory of learning, Kolb’s experiential learning theory is a holistic perspective that combines experience, perception, cognition, and behavior.
Key principes
Concrete Experience - (a new experience or situation is encountered, or a reinterpretation of existing experience).
Reflective Observation of the new experience. (of particular importance are any inconsistencies between experience and understanding).
Abstract Conceptualization (reflection gives rise to a new idea, or a modification of an existing abstract concept)
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Facilitation theory
sees the teacher as the key role in the process of learning, but not as a walking textbook transmitting its contents, but as the facilitator of learning
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Invitational learning
Four assumptions
respect (of other people since they are able, valuable, and responsible)
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This human potential should be developed through the educational process, which is characterized by the so-called five P-s
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Key contributers
Abraham Maslow 
a motivational theory in psychology that argues that while people aim to meet basic needs, they seek to meet successively higher needs in the form of a pyramid
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
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Carl Rogers
for a person to "grow", they need an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure), acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood)
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Malcolm Knowles
Principles of andragogy
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Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance and impact to their job or personal life.
Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented. (Kearsley, 2010)
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Criticisms
humanist approach has a reduced capacity for experimental research,
lack of methods for treating of different mental health problems, and
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Origins
Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that rose to prominence in the mid-20th century (1960s) in answer to the limitations of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's behaviorism
developed as a rebellion against what some psychologists saw as the limitations of the behaviorist and psychodynamic psychology. The humanistic approach is thus often called the “third force” in psychology after psychoanalysis and behaviorism
an approach which studies the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual