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Vascular Plants w/o Seeds (The Megaphyll Line of Evolution: Euphyllophytes…
Vascular Plants w/o Seeds
Early Vascular Plants
Rhyniophytes
characteristics include: naked stems, epidermis with cuticle, cortex of parenchyma, simple bundle of xylem composed of tracheids
Zosterophyllophytes
small herbs w/o secondary growth
similar to rhyniophytes but different sporangia, xylem
xylem structures of early vascular plants
protostele= solid mass center of xylem with no pith. both xylem had this
endarch protostele= protoxylem is located in center, metaxylem differentiates on outer edge of xylem mass
exarch protostele= metaxylem located in the center of the xylem mass and protoxylem on edges as several groups next to phloem
siphonostele= evolved later on, pith is in center
The Microphyll line of Evolution: Lycophytes
http://lexingtonalive.net/Lycophytes/ly2547.jpg
Morphology
enations were large. this is what makes them diff from zosterophyllophytes
vascular cambium cells cant undergo radial longitudinal division. This made them diff from pines
Heterospory
necessary precondition for evolution of seeds
The Megaphyll Line of Evolution: Euphyllophytes
Trimerophytes
1968 made for 3 genera of extinct plants
overtoping, pseudomonopodial branching, branching patters. this is what made them diff from rhyniophytes
Origin of Megaphylls(Euphylls)
summarized by telom etheory
form a monophyletic clade known as euphyllophytes
Monilophytes
https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/36d6f785-4027-448a-ae44-b3f86fa81382/bf2f8c09-8d83-4b6d-a178-941129ca6f63.png
two sister clades
ferns, rangiatae, marattiales, ophioglossales
Equisetophytes
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/57/cd/3e/57cd3ed2c14f933ed39504079baf4c28.jpg
one genus, 15 instinct plants
living plants are all herbs
no secondary growth, usually less than 1 m tall
Ferns
appeared in Devonian period
can be found in almost any habitat
mostly all homosporous
The term "Vascular Cryptogams"
name indicates that they have vascular tissue repro. is hidden bc no seed is present
lack seeds, flowers, fruits etc
name refers to a grade