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Wilkins-CH34map (flow of molecules and fluids within body systems…
Wilkins-CH34map
flow of molecules and fluids within body systems
diffusion is the random motion of liquid, gas and solid particles throughout cells in the body, is a passive transport method (moves from high concentration to low concentration)
capillaries are the microscopic vessels forming capillary beds, these beds infiltrate tissues and the thin walls allow diffusion of chemicals between blood and IF
interstitial fluid is the solution that surrounds the tissue cells in animals, located in between cells, made up of water sugars, amino acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, waste products, fatty acids, salts, coenzymes
osmotic pressure/ blood proteins- this mechanism uses blood proteins to pull fluids back into capillaries (osmotic pressure is between blood and IF)
hydrostatic pressure/blood pressure- this mechanism is used to drive fluid out of capillaries into tissues
cardiac cycle
Atrial systole and ventricular diastole (brief period of contraction of atria and then into ventricles)
ventricular systole and atrial diastole (during remainder of cycle, ventricular contraction pumps blood into large arteries through semilunar valves)
atrial and ventricular (blood returns from large veins flow into atria and then into ventricles through AV valves)
closed circulatory systems are present in annelids, most cephalopod and all vertebrates. The circulatory fluid is blood and is confined to vessels, this is very different from interstitial fluid, chemical exchange occurs between blood and IF and IF and body cells
has high BP and this enables better delivery of nutrients and oxygen in large animals
open circulatory systems are present in arthropods and some molluscs; the circulatory fluid is the interstitial fluid. Heart contracts to pump hemolymph into sinuses, exchange nutrients, and when heart relaxes the hemolymph back in.
blood flow through the mammalian heart and body: (double circulation) Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart--> oxygenated in lungs and returns to heart--> this blood is distributed throughout the body--> deoxygenated blood returns to the heart
electrical signals in the heart are produced by pacemaker cells that set the rate and timing of contraction for other cardiac cells. These signals can be detected by electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
structures of arteries- made up of endothelium, thick layer of smooth muscle, and a thick layer of connective tissue. Hormones send signals to dilate or constrict arteries for heating and cooling puposes
structures of capillaries- has one layer of endothelial cells and a basal lamina, very small diameter, and very thing walls to allow diffusion
structures of veins- have endothelium, thin layer of smooth muscle, and thin layer of connective tissue. Have valves to keep blood flow unidirectional
vasoconstriction: blood vessels are made smaller in diameter in order to decrease the amount of blood flowing away from the core. This allows the animal to conserve heart and stay warmer in cold conditions... will decrease blood pressure because blood flow slows as it goes from bigger vessels to smaller vessels
vasodilation: blood vessels are made larger in diameter in order to increase the amount of blood flow through an animal, resulting in a higher blood pressure since a greater amount of blood is flowing
lymphatic system--> drains into large veins of the circulatory system at the subclavian vein at the base of the neck in order to allow lipids to move from small intestine to blood
heart, set of interconnecting vessels, circulatory fluid(hemolymph)=components of a circulatory system