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Seed Plants I: Seed Plants w/o Flowers (Gymnosperms) (Division…
Seed Plants I: Seed Plants w/o Flowers (Gymnosperms)
Division Progymnospermophyta: Progymnosperms
megaphyllous leaves, both secondary xylem and phloem, no seed, no ovule precursors
Aneurophytales
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tetraxylopteris_reconstruccion.jpg/250px-Tetraxylopteris_reconstruccion.jpg
Aneurophyton, Protopteridium, Proteokalon, Tetraxylopteris, Triloboxylon, Eospermatopteris
up to 12 M tall
Archaeopteridales
up to 8.4 M tall, abundant wood, heterosporous reproduction
Evolution of Seeds
earliest known is Chauleria
microspores evolved into pollen grains
Division Pteridospermophyta: Seed Fern
http://www.thegardenhelper.com/psd/fern_spores.jpg
Upper Devonian Period
form a level of evoultion
any woody plant with fern like foliage that bore seeds instead of sori
evolved from Aneurophytales (both have three ribbed protostele)
Division Coniferophyta: Conifers
http://www.ikonet.com/en/visualdictionary/images/us/examples-of-conifers-284070.jpg
usually huge, never vines, herbs, or annuals
leaves are always simple, needles, or scales
all have pollen cones and seed cones
most seeds are woody(except for junipers and podocarpus those resemble flowering plant seeds)
pollen cones= simple cones
seed cones= compound cones
Division Cycadophyta: Cycads
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR5eRdWl8kG5ngITHFEHzOzI6oGC18TCLCWdFzxmRyhcpIC2LYG5Q
confused with ferns
stout trunks w/ pinnately compound leaves like ferns
produce seed an pollen cones on separate plants
highly prized ornaments
not good with cold weather
Division Cycadeoidophyta: Cycadeoids
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR9mPuXSSOhFqOdGJzS1QIRKNcr1RmBNqhmq2Osg38tmbKaplPe
All extinct
had features almost identical to cycads
only differences with cycads are with stomatal complexes and leaf org.
different from cycads bc cones are different
for ex. both contain microsporophylls and megasporophylls
Division Ginkgophyta: Maidenhair Tree
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQE-lFFgyoSLkrkt5rH75e44RWam2wG02EPc9lx7Nsvts4OrxxE8Q
only species in its division
stout trunk, many branches, wood like conifers.
both long and short shoots
no cones produced, ovules occur in pairs,
fossilized remains are found almost everywhere
Division Gnetophyta
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQjJ9KTvKrVsZvjuiBDLab5pZGrUvvIovuRXUk5VxNTd8g3S4ppPg
3 groups= gnetum, ephedra, welwitschia
mostly vines or small shrubs, leaves similar to dicots
compound pollen cones, compound seed cones
too young to know clearly how it evolved, distinctive pollen