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Skin and body membrane (Skin (Functions (Protect (Bacterial damage,…

- - - - Function
      - Sturcture
        
        Surface
        
        :epithelium :question:
        
        Underlying
        
        loose connective tissue （lamina propria) 固有層
    - - structure
        
        Superficial epidermis
        
        Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
        (角質化）
        
        Underlying dermis
        
        Mostly dense（稠密） connective tissue
      - Location
        
        Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface
      - Function
        
        Often adapted(適合) for absorption or secretion
    - - Structure
        
        Surface
        
        simple squamous epithelium
        
        Undrlying
        
        Areolar connective tissue
        疏鬆的蜂窩性結締組織
        
        Serous layers
        
        serous fluid between serous layers
      - Location
        
        Lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body
      - Type
        
        Thoric cavity
        
        Pleura(胸膜） cover lungs
        
        Parietal(壁層) pleura
        
        Visceral (臟層) pleura
        
        Pericardium （cover heart)
        
        Visceral preicardium
        
        Parietal preicardium
        
        Abdminal cavity
        
        Peritoneum (Abdominal cavity)
        
        Parietal peritoneum
        
        Visceral peritoneum
- - - - Nails
        
        特性介紹
        
        Scale-like modifications of the epidermis
        
        Heavily keratinized
        
        Stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed
        
        Responsible for growth
        
        Lack of pigment makes them colorless
        
        Structure(ppt34頁)
        
        Free edge(應指生長無限)
        
        Body
        
        Root of nail
        
        Eponychium
      - 1.Medulla> Cortex> Cuticle(內至外）
        2.Most heavily keratinized
      - 相關結構(ppt32頁）
        
        Hair follicle
        
        Arrector pilli
        
        Sebaceous gland
        
        Sweat gland
    - - 1.Eccrine:Open via duct to pore on skin surface(ppt.25頁)
        
        2.Apocrine:Ducts empty into hair follicles（ppt.26頁）
      - Function: 1.Dissipate (多餘)heat and excrete waste products.
        2.Acidic (抑制bacteria gro)
      - Composition: 水為主跟一些 metabolic waste.
        (Fatty ac.跟Pt僅在Apocrine.)
      - Odor(Bacteria)
    - - Sebaceous glands
      - Produce oil
      - Lubrican(潤滑濟 ) for skin
      - Kills bacteria
      - Most with ducts activated at puberty
  - - - Bacterial damage
      - Thermal damage(熱損傷)
      - Chemical damage
      - Ultraviolet radiation(紫外線）
      - Mechanical damage
      - Desiccation(乾燥)
  - - - Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
      - Layer
        
        Stratum basale (基底層）
        
        Do mitosis
        
        Melanin in stratum basale
        
        Melanocytes produce
        
        Stratum spinosum(棘狀層)
        
        Stratum granulosum(顆粒層)
        
        Stratum corrneum( 角質層）
        
        Dead cell
        
        Stratum lucidum (透明層)
        
        only in thick skin
    - - Papillary layer (乳突層)
        
        dermal papillae
        
        Pain receptors
        
        Capillary loops
      - Reticular layer
        
        Blood vessels
        
        Glands
        
        Nerve receptors
    - - Not part of the skin
      - Fix skin to underlying organs
      - Composed mostly of lipid tissue
  - - - other site
      - 4lyers
    - - In palm and foot(在手掌和角掌）
      - 5 layers
- - - - Boils and carbuncles 青春豆
      - Impetigo (膿皰瘡)
    - - cold sores 疱疹
    - - Athletes foot（香港腳）
    - - Contact dermatitis (接觸性皮膚炎)
    - - Psoriasis 銀屑病
    - - Danger
        
        Dehydration
        
        Electrolyte imbalance
        
        Circulatory shoc
      - level
        
        Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation Each area represents about 9%
      - Severity(嚴重度）
        
        Second degree burns
        
        Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged
        
        Skin is red with blisters
        
        Third-degree burns
        
        Destroys entire skin layer
        
        Burn is gray-white or black
        
        First-degree burns
        
        Only epidermis damage
        
        Skin is red and swollen
      - Critical Burns (致命燒傷）
        
        over 25% 2nd degree burns
        
        Over 10% 3rd degree burns
  - - - Malignant melanoma相關介紹(ppt43頁)
        
        ABCD Rule(ptt44頁)
        
        B: Border irregularity (not smooth)
        
        C: Color
        
        A: Asymmetry
        
        D: Diameter (Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter)
  - - - Most common type
      - Arises from statum basale
      - Least malignant
    - - Metastasizes to lymph nodes
      - Early removal allows a good chance of cure
      - Arises from stratum spinosum