Internationalizing Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Debt Sustainability and Management

Foreign Direct Investments

Regional Integration

Infrastructure and Transportation

Sustainable Urbanization

Human Capital Development

Attracting Investments

Maximizing benefits of investments

OECD traditional-style investments

BRICS more liberalized investments

Preserving Political and Economic Stability

Securing assets and protecting against sudden seizures and liabilities

Building efficient infrastructure

Tax and Regulatory Policy

Preserving Competition

Horizontal Integration

Vertical Integration

Conglomerate Integration

Financial Interests and Assets

Corporate Control and Voting Power

Financing infrastructure projects

Local Employment

Improved commercial and transportations capabilities

Dependence on FDI's for economic activity

Developing industry

Economic Diversification

Sustainable Resource extraction

Collecting royalties and related taxes

Public Infrastructure Investments

Private Infrastructure Spending

Overcoming small public budgets

Chronic infrastructural deficiencies

Isolation of villages and rural areas

Drastic Disparities between road coverages across Africa

Low average productivity of African seaports

Underdeveloped air-transport sector

Infrastructure as a precursor for economic integration and growth

Public-Private Partnerships

Exponentially increasing population of Africa

Proliferation of Slums

Rising inequalities

Stable and increasing Urban Poverty

Water Access

Urban Sanitation

Ensuring sufficient access to affordable housing

Disproportionate youth population

Very limited education access

Career and skill training

Human Capital Flight

Informal Employment

Stable healthcare access

Spiraling debt-to-GDP ratios

Debt dependency

Limited Financial Flexibility

Rising deficit payments

Debt-book diplomacy

Methods of Debt Relief

Multilateral debt relief

IMF and World Bank debt relief

Promoting responsible debt management

Conditional loans

Trade and exchange agreements

Regional cooperation in trade and reduction of tariffs

African Continental Free Trade Area