Internationalizing Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Debt Sustainability and Management
Foreign Direct Investments
Regional Integration
Infrastructure and Transportation
Sustainable Urbanization
Human Capital Development
Attracting Investments
Maximizing benefits of investments
OECD traditional-style investments
BRICS more liberalized investments
Preserving Political and Economic Stability
Securing assets and protecting against sudden seizures and liabilities
Building efficient infrastructure
Tax and Regulatory Policy
Preserving Competition
Horizontal Integration
Vertical Integration
Conglomerate Integration
Financial Interests and Assets
Corporate Control and Voting Power
Financing infrastructure projects
Local Employment
Improved commercial and transportations capabilities
Dependence on FDI's for economic activity
Developing industry
Economic Diversification
Sustainable Resource extraction
Collecting royalties and related taxes
Public Infrastructure Investments
Private Infrastructure Spending
Overcoming small public budgets
Chronic infrastructural deficiencies
Isolation of villages and rural areas
Drastic Disparities between road coverages across Africa
Low average productivity of African seaports
Underdeveloped air-transport sector
Infrastructure as a precursor for economic integration and growth
Public-Private Partnerships
Exponentially increasing population of Africa
Proliferation of Slums
Rising inequalities
Stable and increasing Urban Poverty
Water Access
Urban Sanitation
Ensuring sufficient access to affordable housing
Disproportionate youth population
Very limited education access
Career and skill training
Human Capital Flight
Informal Employment
Stable healthcare access
Spiraling debt-to-GDP ratios
Debt dependency
Limited Financial Flexibility
Rising deficit payments
Debt-book diplomacy
Methods of Debt Relief
Multilateral debt relief
IMF and World Bank debt relief
Promoting responsible debt management
Conditional loans
Trade and exchange agreements
Regional cooperation in trade and reduction of tariffs
African Continental Free Trade Area