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Tūrangawaewae - Ngāti Porou (Arts and traditions (Manukutukutu…
Tūrangawaewae - Ngāti Porou
Arts and traditions
Whakairo
Paikea at the Poho-o-Rawiri meeting house
Te tauihu - Carving of Waka Prow - signifying the prow of the demigod Maui's canoe
Tairāwhiti museum holds many ancient carvings including Rākau Whakapapa (an orator's mnemonic staff)
Hakas
Mt Hikurangi is celebrated in the Ngāti Porou haka,
Rūaumoko (the earthquake god).
Tairāwhiti is recognised nationally as a centre of excellence for kapa haka (traditional performing arts)
The Tairāwhiti Tamararo Regionals are an annual regional haka competition held in Gisborne in memory of Karaitiana Tamararo.
Pōwhiri
Ngāti Porou is unusual in that women are able to stand and speak in the pōwhiri. All iwi and hapū from Tairāwhiti have tūpuna wāhine who led their people through challenges of the past two hundred years
Waiatas
Te Toka-a-Taiau (The rock of Taiau)"Ko Te Toka-a-Taiau he mauri tipua, Te Toka-a-Taiau, Mauritū nei hei tūāhu tapu The rock of Taiau is the spiritual essence of our ancestors. That stands as the launching pad of our destiny
Haramai a Pao - Tells the story of the events of the first Waka from Hawaiiki, the Horouta
The funeral lament ‘Haere rā e hika’ (Farewell dear one), sung in farewelling the dead, closes with a reference to Māui’s canoe Nukutaimemeha:
Paikea - the whale rider
There are 62 marae in the region, 47 of them located north of Gisborne; Some of the finest examples of Māori art are represented in the wharenui (meeting houses) at Porourangi (Waiōmatatini), Uepōhatu (Ruatōria), Te Poho-o-Rāwiri (Gisborne) and Rongopai (Pātūtahi) marae.
Local Te Reo Maori dialect
‘Kei te aha’ is known as the most distinctive greeting of Ngāti Porou. (not the usual ‘Kei te pēhea koe?’)
E pēwhea ana koe?’ is used in this region. Answer, e.g. E ngenge ana ahau
Maraes
Poho-o-Rawiri
Whakairo of Rāwiri Te Eke Tu-o-te-Rangi in the entrance who signed the East Coast sheet of the Treaty of Waitangi between 5 and 12 May 1840
Te Kuri a Tuatai
Two original poutokomanawana were preserved: Tawhiri (the Maori God of wind and storms who was upset when his parents Rangi and Papa were seperated) and Rongoteuruora, the tekoteko Kuriwahanui (On display at Te Papa.)
Manukutukutu
Ruatapa's kite flew onto the roof causing anger from his father Ueneku, who called him a low born son. Ruatapa set out to drown his brothers. Kahutia-te-angi (Paikea) called upon whales to save him
links to Rongowhakaata Iwi who was a shapeshifter and had a wing span as wide as a kite.
When Porourangi, died in Whāngārā, a kite was flown and his brother Tahu, was able to see it from the South Island.
Kites feature prominently in the mythology and history of Tūranganui-a-Kiwa. They could represent striving: the god Tāwhaki attempted to ascend to heaven on one. They were also used to send messages. Their importance has led to the saying: ‘A treasured kite lost to the winds, brings much joy when found again.’
Were seen as connectors to the heavens and earth in which we could send messages to the Gods from.
Natural World
Te Toku-a-Taiau (The rock of Taiau)
The first greeting place between Europeans and Maori
Huge significance- it would have been an ever present symbol to all seafarers who landed in the bay and river mouth. This would include the ancient waka, Horouta, and thereafter, Takitimu, from whom most iwi of the region descend.
It also serves as the symbolic southern boundary marker of the Ngāti Porou tribal area — “Mai Potikirua ki Te Toka-a-Taiau” (From Potikirua in the north to Te Toka-a-Taiau in the south).
The rock was dynamited during the development of the harbour in the 1870s
Turanganui River - a place of significance for Maori and Pakeha and the shortest river in the country
Te kuri a Paoa - 'the dog of Paoa.' Also called Young Nicks Head as it was the first sighting of land aboard Captain Cooks ship
Endeavour
in 1769
Tītīrangi (Kaiti) Hill
The name was said to have been given by the commanders of the Takitimu waka as it resembled the hill in their homeland on which their waka was made.
Mount Hikurangi - The first mountain in the world to see the sun - Maui's waka "Nukutaimemeha" rests on top of the ancestral mountain where it still rests today in its petrified form.
For Ngāti Porou, independence
and unity are as enduring as Mt Hikurangi.
Māui Whakairo - Ngati Porou were commisioned to place eight carved Pou on the summit of Mount Hikurangi
Home to the largest pohutukawa tree in the world
Whanga-o-kena - an Island trapped due to not reaching hil love Whakaari before sunight
Geneology
Maui-tikitiki-a-Taranga fished up the North Island of New Zealand, with his canoe Nukutaimemeha remaining on top of Mount Hikurangi “where it may be seen in a petrified state to this day”.
The Horouta (waka) from Hawaiki is captained by Paoa and capsizes in Owiha. After making the necessary repairs
Hinehakirirangi, sister of Paoa, walked up the banks of the Te Arai river until she heard the riroriro bird sing “tanu kai” (time to plant). She named this place Manawaru (trembling heart) and there she planted her kumara and soon the entire district had access to the valuable plant.
Ngāti Porou takes its name from the ancestor Porourangi, also known as Porou Ariki.He was a direct descendant of Toi-kai-rākau.
Te Huripūreiata - Ruatapu killing all of Uenuku’s older sons out at sea; the sole survivor was Kahutia-te-rangi, who recited an incantation invoking the Southern Humpback whales (paikea in Māori) to carry him ashore.
The battle of Taua, Māhaki and Hauiti
Post-European
Ngāti Porou refused the kingship when it was offered to Te Kani-a-Takirau.
After shooting several Maori locals, Cook was turned away causing him to name the area 'Poverty Bay' as he was not able to acquire any provisions.
On 7 October 1769 Young Nick, the labour boy on board the Endeavour called out that he saw land. Young Nicks Head was named after him and said to be the first land the ship saw
On arrival of Captain Cook, Te Maro, a local gardener and the great grandson of the chief, Rakaiātane was shot. Te Maro was tipped to be the next Chief and held great mana as his job was to feed people.
Treaty of Waitangi -
Gisborne is home to a large Māori population, with 48.9% of the population identifying as Māori, compared to the national average of 14.9%.
Current local Issues
The depletion of native wildlife due to the build up around rivers
Captain Cook's memorial repeatedly vandalised triggering the debate on the Maori persepective of the explorer
Name change from 'Poverty Bay' to Turanganui-a-Kiwa is currently being debated
Pre-European
Legend states the local people never bought food, only give it out due to the rich abundance that was along the coastline and the growth of the kumara plant.
The area was occupied at that time by four main tribes - Rongowhakaata, Ngai Tahupo (later known as Ngai Tamanuhiri), Te Aitanga-a-Maahaki and Te-Aitanga-a-Hauiti.
Food; pukeko, crayfish, kumara, kekeko, parakeets, mullets, eels, whitebaits, ducks - food was plentiful
Large fortified villages, or pa, were built on river bends or strategic hills, protecting houses, cooking sheds and storage pits for root crops