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Circulatory System (Cardiac Cycle (Atrial and ventricular diastole (During…

- - - - Drives fluid out of capillaries into tissues.
    - - Pull fluid back into capillaries from tissues.
        
        The proteins are responsible for the blood's osmotic pressure. osmotic pressure opposes movement out of capillaries.
- - - - Pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart are autorhythmic (repeatedly contract and relax without signal from nervous system).
        
        Pacemaker cells set rate and timing of contraction for all other cardiac cells.
        Produces electrical impulses that spread rapidly within heart tissue.
      - Process:
        
        Electrical impulse from the packemaker cells of the SA node spreads to walls of atria, causing them to contract in unison
        
        During atrial contraction, electrical impulses reach atrioventricular (AV) node, which delays the electrical impulse for about 0.1 second
        
        Delay allows atria to empty completely before ventricles contract
        
        After delay, electrical impulse spreads down the bundle branches to the heart apex.
        
        Impulse then spreads throughout ventricles via purkinje fibers, causing them to contract in unison.
    - - influences heart rate via autonomic nervous system
      - Symathetic ANS increases heart rate
      - Parasympathetic ANS decreases heart rate