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Circulatory System (blood (red blood cells (contains haemoglobin, circular…
Circulatory System
heart
structure of heart
lies between lungs and chestbones
surrounded by pericardium
roughly conical shape
the atria
have relatively thinner walls to force blood into ventricles
right and left ventricle
have relatively thick muscular walls to move blood into the pulmonary circulation
blood
plasma
pale yellowish liquid
90% water, 10% dissolved substances ;
soluble proteins : fibrinogen, prothrombin, antibodies
dissolved mineral salts : hydrogen carbonates, chlorides
food substances : glucose, amino acid
excretory products : urea, uricacid, creatinine
red blood cells
contains haemoglobin
circular, flattened biconcave
erythrocytes
elastic, can turn bell-shaped to squeeze through blood vessels
white blood cells
irregular shape
has a nucleus
produced in bone narrow, dies in speen
two kinds ; lymphocytes (produce antibodies)
phagocytes (able to transport foreign substances)
platelets
are membrane-bound fragments of cytoplasm
the clotting process
also known as thrombytes
blood vessels
veins
have relatively thin walls with less elastic tissue as flow of blood is slower
valves are foldings of the inner walls of the veins
transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart
arteries
have thick muscular walls to support blood which is higher in pressure
muscles contract and relax because constriction and dilation of the artery respectively
transport oxygenated blood from the heart to other organs of the body