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Meningitis is an acute inflammation and swelling of the meninges - tissues…
Meningitis is an acute inflammation and swelling of the meninges - tissues surrounding the brain and the spinal cord.
Bacterial meningitis
Bacteria enter into the CNS through the upper respiratory tract or the bloodstream. Entry could also be via wounds in the skull or fractured sinuses in basilar skull fractures
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Treatment
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Drug therapy
IV antibiotics i.e. ampicillin, penicillin, cephalosporin
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Associated bacteria:
- Streptoccus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitidis
Viral meningitis
Viral meningitis is more common and less severe than bacterial meningitis. The virus spreads through direct contact with respiratory secretions.
Associated viruses:
- Enteroviruses (most common)
- Arboviruses
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- Herpes simplex virus
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Encephalitis
An uncommon however serious condition where the brain has acute inflammation. Ranges from a mild infection to an infectious disease.
Typically caused by a virus
- Ticks and mosquitoes can create an epidemic of this condition
- Non-epidemic may be a result of measles, chicken pox or mumps.
Inflammation of the neural tissue is caused by a virus (main difference from meningitis). This creates a febrile state with altered consciousness. The infection may result from a post infectious autoimmune response or it may directly invade the CNS.
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