Anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions- degranulation of mast cells-massive histamine release-systemic vasodilation, increased capillary leakage. CAUSES- drug reactions, bee stings, food allergies and contrast medium allergy. Clinical features- tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension with a narrow pulse pressure and flushed, itchy skin, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema-wheeze, stridor, cyanosis, angioedema and vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment- epinephrine, airway support eg intubation, nebulization with albuterol and glucocorticoids eg hydrocortisone (Seckel, 2016).